Increased walking and cycling in urban areas and reduced use of private cars could have positive effects on many health outcomes. We estimated the potential effect of increased walking and cycling in urban England and Wales on costs to the National Health Service (NHS) for seven diseases--namely, type 2 diabetes, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, depression, a...

Debate about the substitutability of manufactured, natural, human, and social capital is at the heart of sustainability theory. Sociology can contribute to this debate by examining the processes and mechanisms by which one form of capital is substituted for another. The authors examine the substitution among different forms of capitals at China’s Wolong Nature Reserve, where the consumption of ...

Field Surveys of diabetes and other non communicable disease (NCD) (hypertension, coronary heart disease) are increasingly being performed in both developed and developing countries [1]. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of diabetes is very high among migrant Asian Indians [2] and is also rising very rapidly within the Indian sub continent [3]. Indeed, recent World Health Organisati...

Myocardial infarction (acute MI) refers to the death of heart muscle (cardiac myonecrosis) due to inadequate blood flow (perfusion) from the coronary arteries. Impaired perfusion to the myocardium results in a critical reduction of nutrient supply (primarily oxygen) to the myocardium, a condition known as ischemia [1]. Some major epidemiological survey performed in Indian population best three ...

Autonomic responses to urban and forest environments were studied in 625 young male subjects. The experimental sites were 57 forests and 57 urban areas across Japan. The subjects viewed the landscape (forest or urban environment) for a period of 15 min while sitting on a chair. During this period, heart rate variability (HRV) was monitored continuously. The results were presented as histograms ...

A reference model of usability design, KESSU UD model, is proposed. Its original purpose is to be as a reference of usability design – “what exactly designing usability is” in the assessement the user-centredness of development projects. It can be – and also has been used for other purposes, such as planning of usability activities for new projects. A unique feature of the model is that it is m...

Spatial differences in urban environmental conditions contribute to health inequalities within cities. The purpose of the paper is to map environmental inequalities relevant for health in the City of Dortmund, Germany, in order to identify needs for planning interventions. We develop suitable indicators for mapping socioeconomically-driven environmental inequalities at the neighborhood level ba...

A major planning effort for Chicago’s largest park provided an opportunity to examine outdoor recreation use patterns and preferences among a racially and ethnically diverse clientele. Results from on-site surveys of 898 park users (217 Black, 210 Latino, 182 Asian, and 289 White) showed that park users shared a core set of interests, preferences, and concerns about the park and its management....

Urban computing provides the services by considering of user’s devices and environments near user’s location. That means that it can be detected their moving by sensor the generated contexts during user moving. And they can guess the user’s next moving through these detected contexts. During user’s moving, there are getting more increase the number of contexts. And the more increase the number ...