This paper outlines a method for using the mathematics of fuzzy sets that is well suited to measure and characterize peri-urbanizing (“desakota”) systems typical of China, Southeast Asia, and other areas experiencing rapid urbanization. Drawing on Kosko’s “fuzzy hypercube”, three distinct but interdependent measures are derived: (i) extent of urbanization, (ii) level of fuzziness, and (iii) deg...

Introduction India is urbanizing at a rapid pace. Moreover, a quarter of the urban population lives in slum areas [1]. Unfavorable social determinants in health and huge inequities in access to healthcare within urban India leave the urban poor with dismal health indicators [2]. The burden from chronic diseases is also on rise in India, disproportionately so for urban population, and is now the...

BACKGROUND Urbanization is a process which alters the structure and function of urban environments. The alteration in the quality of urban environmental conditions has significant implications for health. This applies both to the ecology of insect vectors that may transmit diseases and the burden of disease. STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between malaria and infectious diarr...

Urbanization has been cited as an important factor in worldwide amphibian declines, and although recent work has illustrated the important influence of broad-scale ecological patterns and processes on amphibian populations, little is known about the factors structuring amphibian communities in urban landscapes. We therefore examined amphibian community responses to wetland habitat availability ...

Urbanization profoundly transforms ecosystems and the bundles of services they provide to people. The relationship between urbanization how ecosystem are produced together form has received increased research interest. However, there is limited understanding people’s perceptions benefits receive from service change with urbanization, particularly in Global South. Addressing this gap critical gi...

Most parts of the world are rapidly urbanizing. In sub-Saharan Africa, towns urbanizing at a faster pace than earlier predicted. Also, large portions rural settings have been gradually moving towards urbanization. The Tamale Metropolis has rated as fastest-growing metropolis in Sub-Saharan Africa. City planning and concerns about need for open-space creation major challenge due to poor adherenc...

Rapid urbanization poses a threat to various ecosystem services. Beijing has undergone extensive infrastructure development in recent years. The study aims extract land surface temperature (LST) and use cover (LUC) data from satellite imagery, identify urban heat island (UHI) areas Beijing, determine the correlation between LST, LUC, NDVI, BUI. It will also investigate relationship UHI built/un...