15 The efficacy of acupuncture in smoking cessation, and its effect on the urge to smoke are unclear. We evaluated the effect of a standardized protocol of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulations (TEAS) on alleviating the urge to smoke. Ninety-eight smokers were recruited in two double-blind studies. Participants abstained from smoking for 26 h, and were randomized to receive TEAS alterna...

Neurogenic bladder , explanations follow in the text . i. Urge Incontinence manifesting as urgency and the urinary leakage even before individual reaches the toilet. ii. Over flow incontinence manifesting as involuntary release of urine from an overfull urinary bladder, often in the absence of any urge to urinate. iii. Dribbling incontinence , the patient is never dry a continuous leakage of ur...

BACKGROUND This randomized, partially single-blinded, 6-period crossover clinical study of adult smokers compared the nicotine pharmacokinetics, impacts on smoking urge and tolerability of various formulations of one brand of e-cigarettes with that of a tobacco cigarette. METHODS Five e-cigarettes with different e-liquid formulations containing 1.6 % and 2.4 % nicotine and a conventional toba...

INTRODUCTION Studies have found that smoking-related cues elicit smoking urges in addicted smokers. This work presents the first cue-reactivity study in the context of antismoking advertisements. METHODS Using a two (no cue vs. smoking cue) by two (high vs. low argument strength) mixed design, we tested the hypothesis that smoking cues presented in antismoking advertisements elicit smoking ur...

Around 1.5% of adults in Europe and the USA have urge urinary incontinence (involuntary leakage immediately preceded or accompanied by urgency) (Abrams 2003; Irwin 2006). This is usually due to overactive bladder syndrome (defined as urgency, with or without urge incontinence, and usually with frequency and nocturia) (Abrams 2003). The symptoms of an overactive bladder are thought to be due to ...