Background Nicotine, cotinine and cadmium are harmful components of cigarettes that have an effect on human reproductive function. Although the effects of cigarette smoke on male reproductive function is characterized in several articles its mechanism of action is still unknown. In the present study, we investigate the effect of nicotine, cotinine and cadmium on human sperm creatine kinase acti...

In this study, we evaluated the associations of smoking and alcohol intake, both independently and collectively, with sodium intake in Korean men. Subjects (6340 men) were from the fifth Korean National Health Examination Survey (2010-2012). Smoking-related factors included smoking status, urinary cotinine level, and pack-years of smoking. Food intake was assessed using a 24-h recall. The odds ...

We evaluated the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from husbands who smoke and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins among nonsmoking women. A total of 1249 women from four areas in Italy answered a self-administered questionnaire, reported their diets on a food frequency questionnaire, had a medical examination, and gave their blood for alpha and beta-carotene, ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate parental smoking patterns and their association with wheezing in children. METHODS We performed a case-control study that included 105 children between 6 and 23 months of age who were divided into two groups: cases (children with 3 previous episodes of wheezing) and controls (healthy children without wheezing). The children's exposure to cigarette smoking was estimate...

BACKGROUND Cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, is a biomarker of tobacco, nicotine, and carcinogen exposure. However, a given cotinine level may not represent the same tobacco exposure; for example, African-Americans have higher cotinine levels than Caucasians after controlling for exposure. METHODS Cotinine levels are determined by the amount of cotinine formation and the rate of cotinine remov...

BACKGROUND Cotinine has been widely used as an objective marker to identify current smokers. We conducted this study to address the absence of Korean studies investigating the efficacy of immunoassays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the detection of serum cotinine and to determine the optimal serum cotinine cut-off level for differentiating current smokers from...

The objective of this study was to analyse environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and PAH metabolites in urine samples of non-occupationally exposed non-smoker adult subjects and to establish relationships between airborne exposures and urinary concentrations in order to (a) assess the suitability of the studied metabolites as biomarkers of PAH and ETS, (b) study the use of 3-ethenypyridine as ETS t...

OBJECTIVE To determine smoking behaviour, acceptability, and toxin exposure when smokers switch to the potential reduced exposure product-Omni cigarette. DESIGN 12 week randomised, crossover study of Omni versus own cigarettes. PARTICIPANTS 19 light/ultralight and 15 regular smokers. OUTCOMES Cigarettes/day, smoking topography, craving, withdrawal symptoms, urinary cotinine plus its glucu...

In the present study the possibility of using nicotine in house dust as an index of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure was evaluated in an environmental investigation of 23 children with asthma. A standardized procedure for house dust sampling of nicotine with a filter holder connected to a vacuum cleaner, for a defined time and area was developed (F-nicotine). Also, house dust sampling...