Quantification of proteinuria is usually predicated upon 24-hour urine collection. Multiple factors influence urine collection and the rate of protein and creatinine excretion. Urine collection is often incomplete, and therefore creatinine and protein excretion rates are underestimated. A random urine protein-creatinine (P-C) ratio has been shown over the years to be a reliable alternative to t...

manganese and cobalt concentrations in hair and nail were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (aas).the mean manganese in hair and nail were 0.54 â± 0.35mg/g and 0.68 â± 0.30mg/g while the mean cobalt in hair and nail were 0.30 â± 0.24mg/g and 0.460.37mg/g respectively. a progressive increase in cobalt concentrations in hair and nails with age indicated no significant differ...

ordered mesoporous carbon cmk-3 (omc) have been synthesized using mesoporous sba-15 silica as template and modified with cobalt carbonate. morphologies and surface texturing of materials werecharacterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and n2 adsorption-desorptionisotherms. the cobalt modified ordered mesoporous carbon were found to have a surface area of 490.06m...

Hypoxia in the tubulointerstitium has been thought to play pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of acute renal failure and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Pre-induction of hypoxia-inducible and renoprotective gene expression may protect subsequent ischemic injury. This study evaluated the efficacy of cobalt, which inhibits HIF-1 degradation and increases the expression level of hypox...

Stem cell research can lead to the development of treatments for a wide range of ailments including diabetes, heart disease, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, spinal cord injury, and cancer. OCT4 is a master regulator of self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. OCT4 also plays a crucial role in reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Given known ...

Metal-on-metal hip bearings are being implanted into younger patients. The consequence of elevated levels of potentially carcinogenic metal ions is therefore a cause for concern. We have determined the levels of cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (Va) in the urine and whole blood of patients who had had metal-on-metal and metal-on-polyethylene articulations in situ for more ...

Glutamate-induced cobalt uptake reveals non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate receptors (GluRs) in rat taste bud cells. However, it is not known which type of non-NMDA glutamate receptors is involved. We used a cobalt staining technique combined with pharmacological tests for kainate or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and/or immunohistochemistry ...

Relatively little is known about how metals such as iron are effluxed from cells, a necessary step for transport from the root to the shoot. Ferroportin (FPN) is the sole iron efflux transporter identified to date in animals, and there are two closely related orthologs in Arabidopsis thaliana, IRON REGULATED1 (IREG1/FPN1) and IREG2/FPN2. FPN1 localizes to the plasma membrane and is expressed in...

This study on the removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solutions by red mud was conducted in batch condition. Its objective was to investigate the possibility of using red mud waste material as an alternative to high cost commercial adsorbent materials for the removal of cobalt from aqueous solution. In this study, batch experiments were carried out for the adsorption of cobalt onto red mud indu...

AIMS To investigate whether exposure to cobalt in cobalt plants has any measurable effect on the cardiovascular system. METHODS Occupational, cross sectional study, using a self administered questionnaire, blood pressure measurement, electrocardiography, and laboratory tests in which 203 male workers with at least one year of exposure to cobalt and 94 unexposed controls participated. Echocard...