This article will provide a pathophysiologic basis for the assessment of critically ill children who have developed disorders of urine volume. The anatomical and pathophysiologic causes of oliguria and polyuria are considered. The physiologic basis for the use of urinary sodium and osmolarity as a guide to the assessment of patients with disorders of urine volume are discussed in detail. In add...

Diuretic agents have been used in the treatment of several situations such as cardiopulmonary and urinary diseases in humans and animals, but they have not been extensively studied in poultry. Some Iranian poultry producers traditionally use urotropin (hexamine), alhagi (Camelorum fisch) and malt beverage to get therapeutic effect in broiler or laying hens. Diuretics may be used after drug ther...

Objective: The objective was to study the diuretic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cissampelos pareira (EELCP) by Lipschitz method in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Five groups of albino rats were used to study the diuretic activity of EELCP using metabolic cages. Group I serves as normal control received vehicle (carboxymethyl cellulose 2% in normal saline), Group II received f...

Abstract Urine patches from grazing cattle are hotspots of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. The default IPCC emission factor for urine (EF ) is 0.77% wet climates and 0.32% dry climates. However, literature reports a considerable range EF values characteristics used in experimental studies, revealing contrary results on the effects patch seasonal pattern. Therefore, we examined N O emissions co...

Although Beadle a9 early as 1937 suggested that the urine of Nereis diversicolor O. F. Miiller might be of lower concentration than the body fluids when this worm is hyperregulating in low salinities, there has been no direct measurement of urine concentration to support this reasonable idea. Jorgensen & Dales (1957) studied osmotic water uptake and loss in N. diversicolor and calculated that t...

It has been found that certain urinary quinoline derivatives could be eluted from Dowex 50 (H+) columns by washing with a large volume of water (l-3). The present study concerns an examination of urine from normal swine and rabbits for various quinoline derivatives. Seven quinoline derivatives were identified in the urine of these two species, including two apparently new urinary products and t...

Background: There is no curative treatment for chronic renal failure (CRF). Important strategies for the control and prevention of the advancement of CRF are increased renal function and decreased blood pressure (BP) and weight. Borage has many benefits, such as increased frequency of urination, decreased BP, and increased renal function. This clinical trial study was designed to determine the ...

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) prevents and treats a variety of disorders via its cytoprotective effects. However, the effects of H2S on rats with cisplatin (CP) nephrotoxicity are unclear. The aim was to study the effects of H2S on rats with CP nephrotoxicity. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control group, nephrotoxic group received sing...

Despite the effects of insulinopenia in type 1 diabetes and evidence that insulin stimulates multiple renal sodium transporters, it is not known whether normal variation in plasma insulin regulates sodium homeostasis physiologically. This study tested whether the normal postprandial increase in plasma insulin significantly attenuates renal sodium and volume losses. Rats were instrumented with c...

A. S. Reddi, Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-9083-8_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Measurement of urine Na + , Cl − , and K + is rather common in hospitalized patients, and these urine electrolytes are useful in the diagnostic evaluation of volume status, hyponatremia , acute kidney injury (AKI) , metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia and urine ...