fungal biomass of a. niger, the byproduct of citric acid fermentation, proved to be a worth biomaterial which can be so beneficial and practical. in environmental case, it can be a useful biosorbent for decolorization and detoxitation of wastewater samples. it can also be used as a cheap and suitable source for commercial production of some expensive and useful biopolymers such as chitin, chito...

There is disparity in access to Information and Communication Technologies between male and female especially in developing countries. This study did a gender analysis of access and use of ICTs in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 178 respondents. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and t-test at α0.05. Radio (198.7), mobile phones (186...

Many people remember vaguely that LSD and other psychedelic drugs were once used experimentally in psychiatry, but few realize how much and how long they were used. This was not a quickly rejected and forgotten fad. Between 1950 and the mid-1960s there were more than a thousand clinical papers discussing 40,000 patients, several dozen books, and six international conferences on psychedelic drug...

Nothing tricky here, just setting up notation. I’ll try to not be overly formal. A random variable is just a quantity that we take to vary randomly. For example, the outcome of a standard six-sided dice roll, say D6, is a random variable. We can now discuss the probability of certain events, which we’ll denote P(•). For instance, we can write P(D6 = 1) = P(D6 = 2) = · · · = P(D6 = 6) = 1 6 or P...

The general impression of molecular evolution is often that one sequences a gene from a number of organisms and infers the evolutionary relations of the organisms. Indeed, if the sequences turn out to be orthologous and the data robust, one will get a phylogeny (tree) depicting those historical relations. But what one really obtains is a gene tree (I shall henceforth assume that the data are ro...