Human endurance performance is often evaluated on the basis of the maximal rate of oxygen uptake during exercise (V(O(2)max)). Methods for overcoming limits to V(O(2)max) are touted as means for increasing athletic endurance performance. Here, we argue that the respiratory system is well designed for delivering O(2) to meet O(2) demands and that no single factor is rate-determining for O(2) upt...

Human type I 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3beta-HSD/isomerase) is an integral membrane protein of human placental trophoblast and of insect Sf9 cells transfected with recombinant baculovirus containing the cDNA encoding the enzyme. Purified native or wild-type enzyme remains in solution only in the presence of detergent that may prevent crystallization. The membrane-spanning do...

We described the dynamic mechanical properties of the passive pharynx in Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs and the effects of caudal tracheal displacement. During general anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, airflow through the upper airway (V) and pharyngeal cross-sectional area were measured during ramp decreases in pressure downstream from the pharynx (Pdown). Measurements were made with 0, 1, a...

The response of net photosynthetic CO(2) uptake (A) to increasing leaf intercellular CO(2) concentration (c(i)) was determined in antisense Nicotiana tabacum plants, derived from six independent transformation lines, displaying a range of sedoheptulose-1, 7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) activities. The maximum in vivo ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) carboxylation (V(c,max)) ...

MAX CUT is the problem of partitioning the vertices of a graph into two sets, maximizing the number of edges joining these sets. This problem is NP-hard. Goemans and Williamson proposed an algorithm that rst uses a semideenite programming relaxation of MAX CUT to embed the vertices of the graph on the surface of an n dimensional sphere, and then uses a random hyperplane to cut the sphere in two...

For any vertex v and any edge e in a non-trivial connected graph G, the eccentricity e(v) of v is e(v) =max{d(v, u) : u ∈ V }, the vertex-to-edge eccentricity e1(v) of v is e1(v) = max{d(v, e) : e ∈ E}, the edge-to-vertex eccentricity e2(e) of e is e2(e) = max{d(e, u) : u ∈ V } and the edge-to-edge eccentricity e3(e) of e is e3(e) = max{d(e, f) : f ∈ E}. The set C(G) of all vertices v for which...

A positive genetic correlation between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and maximal (VO(2)max) rate of oxygen consumption is a key assumption of the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of endothermy. We estimated the genetic (V(A), additive, and V(D), dominance), prenatal (V(N)), and postnatal common environmental (V(C)) contributions to individual differences in metabolic rates and body mass fo...

The Grothendieck constant of a graph G = (V,E) is the least constant K such that for every matrix A : V × V → R: max f :V→S|V |−1 ∑ {u,v}∈E A(u, v) · 〈f(u), f(v)〉 ≤ K max :V→{−1,+1} ∑ {u,v}∈E A(u, v) · (u) (v). The investigation of this parameter, introduced in [2], is motivated by the algorithmic problem of maximizing the quadratic form ∑ {u,v}∈E A(u, v) (u) (v) over all : V → {−1, 1}, which a...