Background: Several adjuvants have been evaluated for vaccine formulations but alu-minum salts will continue to be used for many years due to their safety, low cost and adjuvanticity with different antigens. Two commonly used aluminum adjuvants, alumi-num hydroxide and aluminum phosphate have different adjuvanticity properties. Com-mercial recombinant protein hepatitis B vaccines containing alu...

As the impact of dengue expands, a safe and effective vaccine will benefit the world greatly. Recent progress and novel approaches have advanced the field, but many challenges and unanswered questions remain for dengue vaccine developers. The most advanced dengue vaccine candidate, a chimeric yellow fever dengue (CYD) tetravalent vaccine, was the first dengue vaccine tested in a field efficacy ...

Aim: To compare the newly formulated enterotoxaemia vaccine having oil and alum adjuvants, with presently available toxoid and alum precipitated vaccines. Materials and Methods: Three types of enterotoxaemia vaccines, namely toxoid (TV), alum precipitated (APV) and alum precipitated oil adjuvant vaccine (AOV) were prepared using a highly toxigenic strain of Clostridium perfringens type D procur...

Background: Bioinformatic approaches for designing vaccines have become a promising alternative to conventional methods. We herein designed a multi-epitope-based vaccine against colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Used peptides in the CRC vaccines were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Clinical trials. The adjuvants of Mycobacterial heparin-binding hemagglut...

The complexity of parasitic infections requires novel approaches to vaccine design. The versatility of DNA vaccination provides new perspectives. This review discusses the use of prime-boost immunizations, genetic adjuvants, multivalent vaccines and codon optimization for optimal DNA vaccine design against parasites.

Type I interferon inducers may potentially be engineered to function as antiviral and anticancer agents, or alternatively, vaccine adjuvants, all of which may have clinical applications. We recently described a simple strategy to convert a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist devoid of interferon α (IFNα) stimulating activity into a robust Type I interferon inducer with potent vaccine adjuvant a...