T he clinical presentation of dyspareunia is often perplexing; patients may be difficult to assess, and positive clinical findings are not always observed on standard gynecologic examination. Adding to the confusion, the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual defines dyspareunia as a sexual condition rather than a pain disorder, implying a psychogenic origin.1,2 Pa...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) containing 1 mg estradiol (E2) plus 2 mg drospirenone (DRSP) in Thai women with postmenopausal symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHOD Fifty-five Thai women with postmenopausal symptoms participated in this multicenter, open-label, non-comparative Phase IV study. The primary endpoint was the reduction ...

Estrogen replacement is an effective therapy of postmenopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, bone loss, and vaginal dryness. Undesired estrogen effects are the stimulation of uterine and mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation as well as hepatic estrogenicity. In this study, we examined the influence of different estradiol release kinetics on tissue responsivity in ovariectomized (OVX) rats...

BACKGROUND Dry mouth is very common symptom, and psychological factors have an influence on this symptom. Although the influence of emotional factor related to patients with oral dryness has been examined in previous studies, the cognitive factors have not been examined thus far. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cognitive factors on patients with oral drynes...

BACKGROUND Because noninvasive ventilation (NIV) delivers medical gas at high flow, inadequate humidification may cause oral dryness and patient discomfort. Heated humidification can be used during NIV, but little has been reported about the effects on the hygrometric conditions inside an oronasal mask and oral dryness during 24 hours on NIV. METHODS We measured absolute humidity (AH) inside ...

There is a longstanding interest in the relationship between diet and hot flash symptoms during midlife, especially whether phytoestrogens ease menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine flashes, night sweats, trouble sleeping, vaginal dryness relation intake foods rich among Bangladeshi women aged 35 59 years who were living either Sylhet, Bangladesh (n = 157) or as migrants...

Background: Each year about 600000 hysterectomies are performed in the United States and is the second most common operation after cesarean. Because of its effect on infertility and mental image of the body it may lead to sexual dysfunction. This study was done to evaluate the effect of hysterectomy on sexual dysfunction in patients referred to Amir hospital. Materials and Methods: This study w...

The conditions in which we live nowadays contribute to exposure of our bodies to harmful factors such as UV radiation, pollution, smoking, poor eating habits, low physical activity, stress, which thereafter lead to the acceleration of skin aging process. In women, the process is additionally dependent on the menopause, as a result of the disappearance of hormones, the process is faster. Physiol...

BACKGROUND Peri- and postmenopausal women commonly suffer from climacteric symptoms. In this article, we provide information to help physicians recognize climacteric symptoms and treat them appropriately. METHODS The information presented here is based on a selective search of the literature for pertinent articles that appeared from 2008 to early 2011, including the German S3 guideline on hor...

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a sex steroid precursor secreted by the adrenals in humans and other primates. It converts intracellularly to bioactive androgens and estrogens [20]. DHEA and its sulfate metabolite (DHEAS) production decreases with advancing age [21]. DHEA and DHEAS play an important role in regulating body fat and the immune system. They also influence the circulation of lipop...