OBJECTIVE : To assess the diagnostic value of maternal CA 125 in patients with first trimester pregnancy and to evaluate the prognostic significance of CA 125 versus β-hCG in early pregnancies with intact fetal heartbeat, complicated by vaginal bleeding. .

OBJECTIVE The decline in available oestrogen after menopause is a possible etiological factor in pelvic floor disorders like vaginal atrophy (VA), urinary incontinence (UI), overactive bladder (OAB) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This systematic review will examine the evidence for local oestrogen therapy in the treatment of these pelvic floor disorders. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of luteal start vaginal micronized P in a recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cohort. DESIGN Observational cohort study using prospectively collected data. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Women seen between 2004 and 2012 with a history of two or more unexplained pregnancy losses <10 weeks in size; endometrial biopsy (EB) performed 9-11 days after LH sur...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether quantitative or qualitative IgA deficiencies in cervicovaginal secretions can be identified in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. DESIGN Prospective and controlled study. SETTING Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna. SUBJECTS 30 patients with symptomatic and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis at the time of their presentation. 30 hea...

BACKGROUND Rupture of fetal membranes can occur at any gestational age. Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) means rupture of fetal membranes before the onset of labor. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the reliability of the vaginal washing fluid urea and creatinine for the diagnosis of PROM and to determine cut-off values. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 17...

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate and validate the qualitative human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit (β-hCG) test of the vaginal fluid washings of pregnant women with premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM). Methods Cross-sectional study of pregnant women between gestational weeks 24 and 39 who underwent consultations in one of our institutions. They were divided into two groups: group ...

INTRODUCTION Few means exist to provide quantitative and reproducible assessment of vaginal conditions from biomechanical and functional standpoints. AIM To develop a new approach for quantitative biomechanical characterization of the vagina. METHODS Vaginal tactile imaging (VTI) allows biomechanical assessment of soft tissue and function along the entire length of the anterior, posterior, ...

In previous papers, we have identified a number of differences in both the reproductive profiles and patterns of maternal care shown by female gerbils exhibiting vaginal opening either before or after weaning. Early-maturing females delivered their first litters when younger, produced a greater percentage of female offspring/litter, and a greater percentage of early-maturing daughters than late...

Introduction: Because of improvements in the measurement methods of FSH levels in serum, there is less interest in evaluating vaginal pH for the diagnosis of menopause nowadays. The traditional test to diagnose menopause has been FSH, so far. In recent studies it has been shown that diagnosis of menopause by testing for vaginal pH is a simple, non-invasive and inexpensive method .This study int...