Let p be a prime, and let f (x) be an integer-valued polynomial. By a combinatorial approach, we obtain a nontrivial lower bound of the p-adic order of the sum k≡r (mod p β) n k (−1) k f k − r p α , where α β 0, n p α−1 and r ∈ Z. This polynomial extension of Fleck's congruence has various backgrounds and several consequences such as k≡r (mod p α) n k a k ≡ 0 mod p n−p α−1 ϕ(p α) provided that ...

We give a classification of dual functions, they are m -al functions. We call a function m-al with respect to an operator if the operator lives any function unchanged after m times of using the operator. And 2 ≤ m ≤ k. Functions with different m have very different properties. We give theoretical results for clones of self-dual (m = 2) and selfk -al (m = k) functions in k -valued logic at k ≤ 3...

Computing certain answers is the preferred way of answering queries in scenarios involving incomplete data. This, however, is computationally expensive, so practical systems use efficient techniques based on a particular three-valued logic, although this often leads to

In this paper we compare the expressive power of elementary representation formats for vague, incomplete or conflicting information. These include Boolean valuation pairs introduced by Lawry and Gonzalez-Rodriguez, orthopairs of sets of variables, Boolean possibility and necessity measures, three-valued valuations, supervaluations. We make explicit their connections with strong Kleene logic and...

the purpose of this paper is to study the higher order asymptotic distributions of the eigenvalues associated with a class of sturm-liouville problem with equation of the form w??=(?2f(x)?r(x)) (1), on [a,b, where ? is a real parameter and f(x) is a real valued function in c2(a,b which has a single zero (so called turning point) at point 0x=x and r(x) is a continuously differentiable function. ...

We study a q-deformation for the semi-direct product of the symmetric group Sn with the Clifford algebra on n anticommuting generators. We obtain a q-version of the projective analogue for the classical Young symmetrizer introduced by the second author. Our main tool is an analogue of the Hecke algebra of complex valued functions on the group GLn over a p-adic field relative to the Iwahori subg...

Zaj́ıček has recently shown that for a lower semi-continuous real-valued function on an Asplund space, the set of points where the function is Fréchet subdifferentiable but not Fréchet differentiable is first category. We introduce another variant of Fréchet differentiability, called Fréchet directional differentiability, and show that for any realvalued function on a normed linear space, the se...

New observable integer-valued numbers of the topological origin were revealed by the present authors studying the conductivity theory of single crystal 3D normal metals in the reasonably strong magnetic field (B ≤ 10 3 T l). Our investigation is based on the study of dynami-cal systems on Fermi surfaces for the motion of semi-classical electron in magnetic field. All possible asymptotic regimes...

In this paper, we show that a closed convex set C of a Banach space is strongly proximinal (proximinal, resp.) in every Banach space isometrically containing it if and only if C is locally (weakly, resp.) compact. As a consequence, it is proved that local compactness of C is also equivalent to that for every Banach space Y isometrically containing it, the metric projection from Y to C is nonemp...

In this note we prove that an extended-real-valued lower semi-continuous convex function Φ defined on a reflexive Banach space X achieves its supremum on every nonempty bounded and closed convex set of its effective domain Dom Φ, if and only if the restriction of Φ to Dom Φ is sequentially continuous with respect to the weak topology on the underlying space X .