We propose novel algorithms for the problem of crowdsourcing binary labels. Such binary labeling tasks are very common in crowdsourcing platforms, for instance, to judge the appropriateness of web content or to flag vandalism. We propose two unsupervised algorithms: one simple to implement albeit derived heuristically, and one based on iterated bayesian parameter estimation of user reputation m...

To investigate how participants in peer production systems allocate their time, we examine editing activity on Wikipedia, the well-known online encyclopedia. To analyze the huge edit histories of the site’s administrators we introduce a visualization technique, the chromogram, that can display very long textual sequences through a simple color coding scheme. Using chromograms we describe a set ...

A utility tunnel is defined as an underground structure containing one or more utilities, permitting the installation, maintenance and removal of the systems without the necessity of making street cuts or excavations. These underground facilities contain all essential utilities serving large urban areas collected together in a tunnel; therefore they are an inviting target for sabotage or vandal...

The technical infrastructure is of crucial importance for modern society and electric power supplies are of particular importance. Society's dependence on electrical energy, communications and information technology is increasing. At the same time users, both industry and households, have overconfidence in technical infrastructure functionality and little preparedness for outages in the power n...

Historical documentation of the formative elements heritage house architecture in northern Iraq is fundamental and significant importance assessing architectural product that has suffered from neglect vandalism for decades not been given sufficient documentary studies, to cover holistic knowledge field structural Iraqi Kurdistan twentieth century on intellectual level, this research was an atte...

BACKGROUND We collected detailed activity paths of urban youth to investigate the dynamic interplay between their lived experiences, time spent in different environments, and risk of violent assault. METHODS We mapped activity paths of 10- to 24-year-olds, including 143 assault patients shot with a firearm, 206 assault patients injured with other types of weapons, and 283 community controls, ...

Low coral islands are heavily dependent on groundwater for freshwater supplies. The availability, quality, and management of groundwater are central to sustainable development and poverty alleviation in many developing small island nations. The declaration by the Government of Kiribati of water reserves on the atoll of Tarawa, over privately owned land, has lead to conflicts, illegal settlement...

We extend the SimRank algorithm (Jeh and Widom 2002) to efficiently examine the similarity of charge pairs in a large dataset of men arrested in 2013. We compare computed SimRank scores of charge pairs within black and white arrestees and evaluate how these measures differ from the more traditional measure of similarity of Chi-squared residuals, which does not account for network structure. Our...