because plant density is often measured by using plots and also in most cases are done by the method of estimation and counting the individuals, so one of the important cases that we have to decide on is the size and shape of plot. in this research, the density of astragalus verus that it's one of the dominate species in the area and has separate and recognizable individuals plant from eac...

Ecosystem stability in variable environments depends on the diversity of form and function of the constituent species. Species phenotypes and ecologies are the product of evolution, and the evolutionary history represented by co-occurring species has been shown to be an important predictor of ecosystem function. If phylogenetic distance is a surrogate for ecological differences, then greater ev...

Many coalescent-based methods aiming to infer the demographic history of populations assume a single, isolated and panmictic population (i.e. a Wright-Fisher model). While this assumption may be reasonable under many conditions, several recent studies have shown that the results can be misleading when it is violated. Among the most widely applied demographic inference methods are Bayesian skyli...

Fluorescent dye was applied concurrently with triclopyr in two 6.5-ha treatment plots in Lake Minnetonka, MN for data collection to support full aquatic registration of this herbicide. The herbicide and dye mixture was applied by airboat to Phelps Bay with weighted, trailing hoses to maximize uniform distribution of these materials in the water column. A surface application was made to the Cars...

The control charts are graphical tools and proven techniques to improve the performance of a process. Usually, the processes are not naturally controlled, so the use of control charts will help to reduce the variability and increase the stability of the process. In the traditional approach, control charts with fix sample size and constant sampling intervals were used to identify the changes in ...

Abstract. This paper deals with new descriptive statistics for histogram data, in the framework of symbolic data analysis. A main contribution consists in defining the main order statistics (median and quartiles) of a histogram variable using the quantile functions associated with the corresponding empirical distribution functions of the observed histograms. The definition of an order relations...