In this paper, a novel adaptive tuning method of PID neural network (PIDNN) controller for nonlinear process is proposed. The method utilizes an improved gradient descent method to adjust PIDNN parameters where the margin stability will be employed to get high tracking performance and robustness with regard to external load disturbance and parameter variation. Simulation results show the effect...

in this paper, the differential transform method and padé approximation (dtm-padé) is applied to obtain the approximate analytical solutions of the mhd flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over a nonlinearly stretching permeable sheet in porous. the similarity solution is used to reduce the governing system of partial differential equations to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations...

Applied researchers are increasingly interested in whether and how treatment effects vary in randomized evaluations, especially variation not explained by observed covariates. We propose a model-free approach for testing for the presence of such unexplained variation. To use this randomization-based approach, we must address the fact that the average treatment effect, generally the object of in...

Introduction: Diagnosis of primary and secondary cancers to treat patients with diffuse and malignant tumors is an important subject. The appropriate treatment will be eliminating primary and metastatic tumors. Radiofrequency ablation with localized heat induction in the target tissue causes irreversible cellular damage and tissue coagulation. Estimation of tissue temperature c...

The various industrial and engineering applications of flow of fluid between parallel plates have continued to generate renewed interests. In this work, a comparative study of approximate analytical methods is carried out using differential transformation,homotopy perturbation, Adomian decomposition, variation of parameter and variational iteration methods for the analysis of a steady two-dimen...

Free vibration characteristics of continuous grading fiber orientation (CGFO) beams resting on variable Winkler and two-parameter elastic foundations have been studied. The beam is under different boundary conditions and assumed to have arbitrary variations of fiber orientation in the thickness direction. The governing differential equations for beam vibration are being solved using Generalized...

the purpose of the present study is to compare the changes in b-value parameter using frequency-magnitude distribution for the data before and after the silakhor earthquake by gutenberg-richter relation. the variations of b-values are investigated using broadband iranian national seismic network center (bin). besides, spatial and time variations of the parameters were analyzed. the spatial vari...

Lidar is a powerful tool for monitoring vertical profile of aerosol pollutant layer (APL) and its variation. The extinction-to-backscatter ratio, S1, is a crucial parameter for quantitative interpretation of lidar data. Because of the large and quick variation of S1 in APL, it is necessary to measure real-timely S1. A multi-instrument method is introduced for monitoring APL by lidar combined wi...

Safety and failure in gas pipelines are very important in gas and petroleum industry. For this reason, it is important to study the effect of different parameters in order to reach the maximum safety in design and application. In this paper, a three dimensional finite element analysis is carried out to study the effect of crack length, crack depth, crack position, internal pressure and pipe thi...

ÐA new method for the representation, recognition, and interpretation of parameterized gesture is presented. By parameterized gesture we mean gestures that exhibit a systematic spatial variation; one example is a point gesture where the relevant parameter is the two-dimensional direction. Our approach is to extend the standard hidden Markov model method of gesture recognition by including a glo...