Spatial information surveyed by photogrammetry, airborne LiDAR and Mobile Measurement System (MMS) above ground level can be analyzed by scientists using standard geostatistical methodologies such as ordinary Kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation to interpolate heterogeneities of profiles from sparse sample data. Proven effective by researchers, the Kriging algorithm model is used by comme...

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool in neuroscience used to study the electrical brain responses following traumatic brain injuries (TBI), with the goal of clinical diagnosis and assessment. It is widely recognized that EEG produces inherently spatio-temporal data; however, the use of analytical methods that explicitly account for auto-correlation in both space and time have been ...

Models for spatial autocorrelation and cross-correlation depend on the distance and direction separating two locations, and are constrained so that for all possible sets of locations, the covariance matrices implied from the models remain nonnegative-definite. Based on spatial correlation, optimal linear predictors can be constructed that yield complete maps of spatial fields from incomplete an...

This paper introduces the gstat package for the S language (R, S-PLUS). The package provides multivariable geostatistical modelling, prediction and simulation, as well as several visualisation functions. Gstat (http://www. gstat.org) was started 10 years ago and was released under the GPL in 1996; it is closely linked to several GIS systems. It was not initially written for teaching purposes, b...

Heterogeneity of permeability is an important factor affecting the production of a carbonate reservoir. How to correctly characterize the heterogeneity of permeability has become a key issue for carbonate reservoir development. In this study, the reservoirs were categorized into four superimposed modes based on the actual logging data from a super-giant heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in the ...

Accurate methods quantifying whole landfill surface flux of methane are important for regulatory and research purposes. This paper presents the results from the analysis of chamber measurements utilizing geospatial techniques [kriging and inverse distance weighting (IDW)] to arrive at an estimation of the whole landfill surface flux from the spatially distributed chamber measurement points. The...

Many environmental processes are heterogeneous in space (spatially non-stationary), due to factors such as topography, local pollutant emissions, and meteorology. Much of the commonly used spatial statistical methodology depends on simplifying assumptions such as spatial isotropy. Violations of these assumptions can cause problems, including incorrect error assessment of spatial estimates. This...

Network mobilephone-based positioning experiences degradation of location accuracy due to localised non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal propagation. This is well known to be a major source of error in network-based mobilephone positioning. NLOS error systematically causes the Mobile Station (MS) to appear further away from the base station than it actually is, thereby increasing the positioning err...