Due to new regulations and further technological progress in the field of electric vehicles, the research community faces the new challenge of incorporating the electric energy based restrictions into vehicle routing problems. One of these restrictions is the limited battery capacity which makes detours to recharging stations necessary, thus requiring efficient tour planning mechanisms in order...

To deal with the conflicts between left-turn and through traffic streams and increase the discharge capacity, this paper addresses the pre-signal which is implemented at a signalized intersection. Such an intersection with pre-signal is termed as a tandem intersection. For the tandem intersection, phase swap sorting strategy is deemed as the most effective phasing scheme in view of some exclusi...

Electric-drive vehicles can provide power to the electric grid when they are parked (vehicle-to-grid power). We evaluated the economic potential f two utility-owned fleets of battery-electric vehicles to provide power for a specific electricity market, regulation, in four US regional regulation ervices markets. The two battery-electric fleet cases are: (a) 100 Th!nk City vehicle and (b) 252 Toy...

The vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands and probabilistic distance constraints (VRPSD-PDC) can be defined on a complete and undirected graph G = (V, E), where V = {0, . . . , n} is the vertex set and E = {(v, u) : v, u ∈ V, v ̸= u} is the edge set. Vertices v = 1, . . . , n represent the customers and vertex v = 0 represents the depot. A distance de is associated with edge e = (v, u)...

With the rapid development of modern logistics industry, multi-compartment vehicle routing problem (MCVRP) is one of the research directions of vehicle routing problem, mainly to solve the problem of the transportation of non-mixed products in one vehicle. These products must be stored in separate compartments, and should not exceed the capacity of the carriage. A hybrid fruit fly optimization ...

A practical scheme is described for the real-time estimation of travel time across an arterial segment with multiple intersections. The scheme relies on matching vehicle signatures from wireless sensors. The sensors provide a noisy magnetic signature of a vehicle and the precise time when it crosses the sensors. A match (re-identification) of signatures at two locations gives the corresponding ...

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of walnut extract (WE) on forced swimming capacity in mice. Twenty-eight male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups, a vehicle control (VC) or one of three WE administered groups (300, 600 and 900 mg/kg/day). WE was orally administered to mice once a day for 4 weeks, during which time a forced swimming test was conducted ...

In order to make maximum use of the EV (electric vehicle) battery, evaluating the remaining battery capacity and the power consumption is important. Evaluation method of the remaining battery capacity with accuracy has been proposed. Moreover, the evaluation method of the power consumption for traveling has been proposed. However, the power consumption for vehicle-mounted air-conditioner is 30%...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology has the potential to help address economic, environmental, and national security concerns in the United States by reducing operating cost, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and petroleum consumption from the transportation sector. However, the net effects of PHEVs depend critically on vehicle design, battery technology, and charging frequency. To e...