introduction: degenerative changes of the cervical spine are more common in elderly, but anterior cervical osteophytes that cause problems in swallowing are rare. the most common cause of this problem is dish disease (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis). trauma is also suggested as a potential cause in osteophyte formation. case report: we report a rare case of anterior cervical osteophyt...

Scatophagus argus argus (Green Scat) is a pretty aquarium fish. Its hard spines are venomous and can cause painful injury. In this study 60 specimens of Green Scat were collected periodically from coastal waters of Boushehr (south of Iran) from May 2011 to April 2012. Anatomical features of venomous spines were investigated. Scat venom was extracted from the spines in a new manner for keeping t...

scatophagus argus argus (green scat)is a pretty aquarium fish. its hard spines are venomous and can cause painful injury. in this study 60 specimens of green scat were collected periodically from coastal waters of boushehr (south of iran) from may 2011 to april 2012. anatomical features of venomous spines were investigated. scat venom was extracted from the spines in a new manner for keeping th...

background: spine of an adult is made up of five areas that include 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and finally coccyx. selecting appropriate assumptions for modeling and biological analysis of the spine components has a significant impact on the accuracy of results in biomechanical simulation for different modes. methods: in the present study, biomechani...

With a global estimate of tens thousands arachnid enthusiasts, spiders and scorpions are gaining increasing popularity as pets in industrialised countries Europe, Northern America Asia. As most all venomous due to their mostly negative image the public media, several governments already considering introducing legislation regulate domestic care potentially dangerous captive animals. We aimed in...

to perform an accurate approach to the spine specially for fracture stabilization a 3d model of spine surgical region may improve this mechanism and it can help the surgeon to have a deeper glance to this scenario. the pre-op planning facility is another advantage of the patient spine specific model to take a chance of making guides to direct pedicle screws safely and increase the pathomechanic...