INTRODUCTION Disorders of venous circulation are among most frequent diseases in the human population. During recent years there has been increased interest in physiopathology of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), due to development of more accurate diagnostic methods and new therapeutic techniques. Considering patophysiology of CVI and its consequences the crucial points are stasis and reflux...

Chronic venous disease (CVD) has a range of clinical presentations, including tortuous, distended veins in lower extremities, increasing skin pigmentation, and in severe cases ulceration of the affected skin. Venous insufficiency, a precursor to CVD characterized by improper return of blood from the lower extremities to the heart, must be studied in its earliest stages at a time when preventati...

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular picture that shows a strong association with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between a Doppler cerebral venous hemodynamic insufficiency severity score (VHISS) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics in 16 patients presenting with CCSVI and relapsing-remitting MS (CCSVI-MS) an...

This article explains the effects of compression therapy and discusses the treatment options available in the management of patients with venous disease of the lower limb.

A better reduction of ambulatory venous hypertension in CVI individuals has been reported with high-pressure bandages in comparison to compression stockings which exert a lower pressure [7]. Moreover although higher pressure bandaging systems appear to be more efficient at ameliorating venous incompetence than lower pressure, the optimal amount and duration of compression is debateable [10]. In...

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) denotes the stages of chronic venous weakness in the lower extremities. According to Widmer, the following stages are defined, which can be passed through in the course of years, particularly if left untreated: I – corona phlebectatica, ankle edema; II – trophic skin lesions, dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, dermatoliposclerosis; IIIa – healed ulcus cruris venos...

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a syndrome characterized by stenosies of the internal jugular and/or azygous veins (IJVs-AZ) with opening of collaterals and insufficient drainage proved by reduced cerebral blood flow and increased mean transit time in cerebral MRI perfusional study. The present review is aimed to give a comprehensive overview of the actual status of the ar...

INTRODUCTION Ulcers of lower legs are the most bothersome complication of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). AIM To assess the effectiveness of endovascular fluoroscopically guided sclerotherapy for the treatment of venous ulcers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-eight limbs in 35 patients with crural venous ulcers were treated with guided sclerotherapy under the control of fluoroscopy. Patient...

in pregnancy include weight over 80 kg, family or personal history of thrombosis, and thrombophilia. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of future venous thromboembolism. Almost two-thirds of women with venous thromboembolism during pregnancy develop deep-vein insufficiency in the affected leg, a rate substantially higher than would be expected after DVT...

T HE PATHOGENESIS of congestive failure is still uncertain. In 1910 Bolton and Starling (I) wrote that the analysis of the factors involved in the production of the disease was rendered difficult by the impossibility of accurately reproducing these states in animals. Since that time numerous methods have been tried to precipitate congestive failure in dogs. The attempts have met with limited su...