[1] We constrain SH wave velocity structures near the 660-km discontinuity beneath South America and northeast Asia, using triplicated phases near the discontinuity recorded in the epicentral distance range of 10 –35 for three deep events. We then explore mineralogical and compositional models appropriate for explaining the inferred seismic structures between the two regions. SH velocity struct...

Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods have become important numerical tools in computational finance. Many studies have demonstrated the greater efficiency of QMC relative to Monte Carlo (MC) methods, even for pricing high-dimensional exotic derivative securities. Some of these studies have argued the importance of effective dimension in determining the efficiency of QMC. Consequently, dimension redu...

The surrounding rock stability of an underground cavern group is important issue in the process excavation, which has characteristics large displacement, discontinuity and uneven deformation, so calculation analysis are very complicated. optimized discontinuous deformation for failure method was adopted to analyze a real engineering under different excavation schemes. cracking schemes, depth cr...