In commercial penicillin production the fermentation medium is usually seeded with a mycelial (vegetative) inoculum of Penicillium chrysogenum prepared by the following transfers: spores -+ germinator tank -seed tank. However, depending on the fermentation conditions, the operation in the germinator tank can be successfully eliminated. Goldschmidt and Koffler (1950) used spore-inoculated fermen...

During alcoholic fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is exposed to a host of environmental and physiological stresses. Extremes of fermentation temperature have previously been demonstrated to induce fermentation arrest under growth conditions that would otherwise result in complete sugar utilization at "normal" temperatures and nutrient levels. Fermentations were carried out at 15°C, 25°C, ...

Any non-spherical distribution of density inside planets and stars gives rise to a non-spherical external gravity and change of shape. If part or all of the observed zonal flows at the cloud deck of Jupiter and Saturn represent deep interior dynamics, then the density perturbations associated with the deep zonal flows could generate gravitational signals detectable by the Juno mission and the C...

Nowadays, vinegar is industrially produced by mesophilic acetic acid bacteria (AAB). However, temperature fluctuation during acetous fermentation is inevitable, and may cause process disturbances. This can be mostly avoided using thermo-tolerant AAB. The main purpose of the present study was to isolate thermo-tolerant AAB. Fermentation performances were then evaluated. Twenty-eight different is...

In the last years a general consensus has emerged that, contrary to intuition, quantum-gravity effects may have relevant consequences for the propagation and interaction of high energy particles. This has given birth to the field of “Phenomenological Quantum Gravity” We review some of the aspects of this new, very exciting frontier of Physics.

A modeling approach 63 based on multiple output variables least squares support vector machine (MLS-SVM) inversion is presented by a combination of inverse system and support vector machine theory. Firstly, a dynamic system model is developed based on material balance relation of a fed-batch fermentation process, with which it is analyzed whether an inverse system exists or not, and into which ...