BACKGROUND Voiding cystourethrograms are distressing for children and parents. Nonpharmacological methods reduce distress. Pharmacological interventions for VCUG focus on sedation as well as analgesia, anxiolysis, and amnesia. Sedation has cost, time, and safety issues. Which agents and route should we use? Are we sure that sedation does not influence the ability to diagnose vesicoureteric refl...

The findings on 99mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans were examined in 54 patients aged 3 to 33 years in whom renal scarring had been diagnosed radiologically in childhood after urinary tract infection. There was no recent history of infection. Vesicoureteric reflux had been present in 48 patients and had stopped in 23 at the time of the DMSA scan. In six of the 72 radiologically scarred k...

The renal coloboma syndrome (OMIM 120330) is caused by mutations in the PAX2 gene. Typical findings in these patients include renal hypoplasia, renal insufficiency, vesicoureteric reflux, and optic disc coloboma. A family with a novel heterozygous 10-bp deletion in exon 2 of the PAX2 gene leading to a truncating mutation and variable phenotype across three generations is reported. The first pre...

A four year old boy with polyuric renal failure resulting from recurrent urinary tract infections and vesicoureteric reflux from birth underwent renal transplantation. In the past he had had five ureteric reimplant operations and a gastrostomy, as he ate nothing by mouth. He required peritoneal dialysis 13 hours a night, six nights a week. His fluid requirements were 2100 ml per day. This inclu...

The aim of this study is to describe premature microbubbles destruction with contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ce-VUS) in children using 2nd-generation ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) and to hypothesize about the reason. 141 children (61 females and 80 males) were included in the study, with mean age of 3.3 years (range 4 weeks-16.0 years), who underwent ce-VUS examination between 2011 ...

To cite: Arora S, Yadav P, Ansari MS. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2015209441 DESCRIPTION An 8-year-old boy presented with a history of open nephrectomy 1 year prior for non-functioning right kidney with recurrent febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) with bilateral vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) (right grade V and left grade IV). One month after s...

UNLABELLED Spinal cord injury patients may develop proteinuria as a result of glomerulosclerosis due to urosepsis, hydronephrosis, vesicoureteric reflux, and renal calculi. Proteinuria in turn contributes to progression of kidney disease. We report one paraplegic and two tetraplegic patients, who developed recurrent urine infections, urinary calculi, and hydronephrosis. These patients required ...