BACKGROUND Data describing the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on respiratory mechanics are conflicting, and no data are available concerning possible effects on the viscoelasticity of the respiratory system, on the inspiratory work of breathing (WOB) or on respiratory system hysteresis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to measure the effects of NOS inhibition by N(G)-ni...

Linear response theory of thermal fluctuations or driven motion of tracers provides a basis for exploring viscous, elastic and compressible properties of condensed matter. Applications range from atomic physics [1, 24] where the methods were first developed, to recent applications in microrheology [13, 18, 7, 5, 11, 12, 2]. The emphasis here is on hydrodynamics and deformations of incompressibl...

We prove the (local) existence of a unique mild solution to a nonlinear moving-boundary problem of a mixed hyperbolic-degenerate parabolic type arising in modeling blood flow through compliant (viscoelastic) arteries.

We numerically investigate the stability problem of the injection molding process. It was indicated by Bulters and Schepens Bulters and Schepens 2000 that surface defects of injection molded products may be attributed to a flow instability near the free surface during the filling stage of the mold. We examine the stability of this flow using the extended Pom–Pom constitutive equations. The mode...

In this paper, we will attempt to extract some principles concerning the flow-induced anisotropy which develops in the settling of particles in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids. Our point-of-view is that the local microstructure, which is determined by the hydrodynamic interactions between neighboring particles, determines the global anisotropic structure of a fluidized suspension. The particl...

This work is an attempt to apply conventional mechanical testing to characterize the photoinduced viscoelastic behavior of chalcogenide glasses. Creep or relaxation-recovery experiments are usually performed to characterize the delayed elastic contribution to deformation, during thermally activated flow. In this paper, relaxation-recovery is used to characterize delayed elasticity under irradia...

Attempts to achieve "top kill" of flowing oil wells by pumping dense drilling "muds," i.e., slurries of dense minerals, from above will fail if the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the gravity-driven counterflow produces turbulence that breaks up the denser fluid into small droplets. Here we estimate the droplet size to be submillimeter for fast flows and suggest the addition of a shear-thickeni...

We consider the displacement, in a rectangular channel, of a Newtonian oil pushed by different types of liquids (Newtonian, shear-thinning, viscoelastic) of slightly higher apparent viscosity. In the absence of viscoelastic effects the interface between the two fluids becomes sharper at larger velocities, so that the thickness of the lateral film left behind increases with the flow rate. On the...

The mechanism of flow in glassy materials is interrogated using mechanical spectroscopy applied to model nearly hard sphere colloidal glasses during flow. Superimposing a small amplitude oscillatory motion orthogonal onto steady shear flow makes it possible to directly evaluate the effect of a steady state flow on the out-of-cage (α) relaxation as well as the in-cage motions. To this end, the c...

We study the potential flow of a second-order fluid over a sphere or an ellipse. The normal stress at the surface of the body is calculated and has contributions from the inertia, viscous and viscoelastic effects. We investigate the effects of Reynolds number and body size on the normal stress; for the ellipse, various angles of attack and aspect ratios are also studied. The effect of the visco...