a theoretical solution is presented for the forced convection heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid obeying the giesekus constitutive equation in a concentric annulus under steady state, laminar, and purely tangential flow. a relative rotational motion exists between the inner and the outer cylinders, which induces the flow. a constant temperature was set in both cylinders, in this study. the f...

On the basis of a dynamic diagenetic model, we evaluate and discuss the effect of the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) on benthic O2 exchange and O2 consuming pathways. The analysis documents that the DBL has only minor importance for the annual O2 uptake of coastal cohesive sediments. Imposing static DBL thicknesses of 300–900 mm decreased the annual O2 uptake by only 2–10% in comparison to a si...

IEEE 802.16 is an air interface specification for wireless broadband access. IEEE 802.16 has specified multiple service-specific Convergence Sublayers for transmitting upper-layer protocols. The Packet CS (Packet Convergence Sublayer) is used for the transport of all packet-based protocols such as the Internet Protocol (IP) and IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet). The IP-specific part of the Packet CS enable...

Abstract The numerical simulation of the dynamics a liquid with solute high concentration in two horizontal layers porous medium different permeability coefficients is carried out. modeled within framework nonlinear MIM model that takes into account adhesion and separation process at skeleton medium. modeling was out two-dimensional setting. mobile (moving together carrier fluid) immobile (depo...

Laser-Doppler velocity measurements in water are reported for the flow in the plane of symmetry of a turbulent spot. The unsteady mean flow, defined as an ensemble average, is fitted to a conical growth law by using data at three streamwise stations to determine the virtual origin in x and t. The two-dimensional unsteady stream function is expressed as 1fr = U~ tg(£, r/) in conical similarity c...

Interfacial glass transition temperature (T(g)) profiles in spin cast, ultrathin films of polystyrene and derivatives were investigated using shear-modulated scanning force microscopy. The transitions were measured as a function of film thickness (delta), molecular weight, and crosslinking density. The T(g)(delta) profiles were nonmonotonic and exhibited two regimes: (a) a sublayer extending ab...

Fig. 1. Our technique enables color printing with precisely controlled gradients using a filament printer. Le : The printer is equipped with an o -the-shelf nozzle that inputs multiple filaments (three in the picture) and outputs molten mixed plastic through a single exit hole. Such devices cannot directly be used to print gradients: the transition between mixtures takes time, and this timing v...

We propose and mathematically examine a theory of calcium profile formation in unwounded mammalian epidermis based on: changes in keratinocyte proliferation, fluid and calcium exchange with the extracellular fluid during these cells' passage through the epidermal sublayers, and the barrier functions of both the stratum corneum and tight junctions localised in the stratum granulosum. Using this ...

Using tobacco transgenic lines altered in the monolignol biosynthetic pathway and which differ in their lignin profiles we have evaluated lignin deposition at the cellular and subcellular levels using several microanalytical techniques. Surprisingly, whereas a Cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) down-regulated line with a strong decrease in lignin content exhibited an overall reduction in lignin depo...