With the number of organisms whose genomes have been sequenced, a vast amount of information concerning the genetic structure of an organism's genome has been collected. However, effective experiment means to study how this information is accessed have only recently been developed. In this review, three basic methods for identifying regions of protein-DNA interaction will be introduced. The fir...

Chemical modifications on histones and DNA/RNA constitute a fundamental mechanism for epigenetic regulation. These modifications often function as docking marks to recruit or stabilize cognate "reader" proteins. So far, a platform for quantitative and high-throughput profiling of the epigenetic interactome is urgently needed but still lacking. Here, we report a 3D-carbene chip-based surface pla...

DNA chips represent a major advance in microbiology laboratories, enabling the detection of a wide range of possible pathogens using a single test. This study compared a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR combined with DNA chip hybridization (ProDect BCS RV chip; bcs Biotech) with the indirect immunofluorescence test commonly used to detect respiratory viruses. A total of 39 respiratory viruse...

DNA chips are becoming increasingly popular as a convenient way to perform vast amounts of experiments related to genes on a single chip. And the importance of analyzing the data that is provided by such DNA chips is becoming significant. A very important analysis on DNA chip data would be clustering genes to identify gene groups which have similar properties such as cancer. Clustering data for...

Oligonucleotide microchips are manufactured by immobilizing presynthesized oligonucleotides within 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.02 mm or 1 x 1 x 0.02 mm polyacrylamide gel pads arranged on the surface of a microscope slide. The gel pads are separated from each other by hydrophobic glass spacers and serve as a kind of 'microtest tube' of 200 pl or 20 nl volume, respectively. Fractionation of single-stranded DN...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the principle of the Cheil HPV DNA Chip assay and evaluate its accuracy. In order to quantify the human papillomavirus (HPV) load and identify HPV genotypes simultaneously, this assay combined the two methods: SYBR Green quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA microarray. METHODS We designed novel consensus primer sets tha...

Bovine mastitis causes significant economic losses in the dairy industry. Effective prevention of bovine mastitis requires an understanding of the infection status of a pathogenic microorganism in a herd that has not yet shown clinical signs of mastitis and appropriate treatment specific for the pathogenic microorganism. However, bacterial identification by culture has drawbacks in that the sen...

Monitoring food safety is essential for protecting the health and safety of consumers. Conventional methods used are time consuming and laborious, requiring anywhere from three to seven days to obtain results. Thus, better monitoring methods are required. In this study, a laminated lab-on-paper chip was developed, and its use for the screening of ready-to-eat seafood was demonstrated. The assay...

This chip uses both biological motivation and compact focal-plane processing to solve a real commercial problem such as 2D camera pointing [1]. This system is unique in its use of a spatially variant layout and arbitration between smooth pursuit (in fovea) and acquisition (in periphery) to improve the tracking process (similar to primate visual tracking). Furthermore, with the exception of the ...

A one dimensional model of primate smooth pursuit mechanism has been implemented in 2 μm CMOS VLSI. The scheme consolidates Robinson’s negative feedback model with Wyatt and Pola’s positive feedback scheme, to produce a smooth pursuit system which zeroes the velocity of a target on the retina. Furthermore, the system uses the current eye motion as a predictor for future target motion. Analysis,...