background: low back pain (lbp) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complications of today’s societies which, poses a big portion of health expenses and work absentees. lumbar disc herniation is claimed to be one of the several causes of lbp. conservative therapies like physiotherapy are found to be beneficial for treatment in such a kind of lbp. however, there is low evidence proving tra...

patients and methods sixty elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures were randomized for treatment with either skeletal traction (group a) or an external fixation (group b). in this study patients at least 60 years of age, with ao/ota a1 or a2 type fracture and intertrochanteric fracture as a result of minor trauma, were enrolled. results acceptable reduction was achieved in eight and 2...

BACKGROUND SUMMARY The use of preoperative halo-gravity traction (HGT) improves both spinal deformity and pulmonary function and is a helpful adjuvant in the treatment of complex spinal deformity. Despite the benefits of preoperative HGT, there is no consensus on the optimal traction protocol. METHODS We evaluated the treatment of 33 patients treated with preoperative HGT to determine the saf...

the purpose of this study is to summarize the treatment options for scoliosis and spine deformities from antiquity through medieval times up to the renaissance. furthermore, it is to present the contribution of “the father of modern surgery”, ambroise paré (1510-1590), to this field. paré was a distinguished surgeon of the renaissance with many contributions to surgery, including war trauma, ob...

o bjectives: this study sought to assess distal and lateral forces and moments of asymmetric headgears by variable outer bow lengths. materials and methods : four 3d finite element method (fem) models of a cer- vical headgear attached to the maxillary first molars were designed in solidworks2010 software and transferred to ansys workbench ver. 11 software. modelscontained the first molars, thei...

Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) still remains a technically difficult procedure. The maintenance of tissue tension and good submucosal exposure during dissection is one of the most important factors for an effective and safe dissection. Although various traction methods have been developed, traction by gravity is one of the most useful method for colorectal ESD. Traction using...

PURPOSE To analyse change in distance between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa during traction in the maximally loose-packed position (MLPP) and the maximally closed-packed position (MCPP) under standardized conditions. SUBJECTS Six healthy subjects (three male and three female) with a mean age of 40.5 years, volunteered to participate in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects wer...

Focal contacts act as mechanosensors allowing cells to respond to their biomechanical environment. Force transmission through newly formed contact sites is a highly dynamic process requiring a stable link between the intracellular cytoskeleton and the extracellular environment. To simultaneously investigate cellular traction forces in several individual maturing adhesion sites within the same c...

induction motors are the most commonly used in the traction industries and electric vehicles, due to their low primary cost, low maintenance costs, and good performance. speed identification is needed for the induction motor drives. however, using of speed sensors in the induction motor drives is associated with problems such as, extra cost, reduced reliability, added mounting space, etc.. ther...

It was previously demonstrated in isolated renal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that integrin-mediated mechanotransduction triggers intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, which is the hallmark of myogenic response in VSMCs. To test directly whether integrin-mediated mechanotransduction results in the myogenic response-like behavior in renal VSMCs, cell traction force microscopy was used to mo...