Recently the low host specificity of some microsporidians has been demonstrated and it has been indicated that many of these micro-organisms could be transmitted from invertebrates to mammals and adapt to changes in temperature. In this work, we demonstrate the first successful in vitro culture of a fish microsporidia of the genus Glugea on larval cells of the mosquito Aedes albopictus at 28 ◦C...

1. The action of excess of retinol on chick limb-bone rudiments cultured in chemically defined media has been investigated. 2. After 6 days in vitro, the hexosamine and hydroxyproline contents of the retinol-treated rudiments were much less than those of their paired controls. 3. Synthesis of these compounds, however, was not correspondingly decreased. 4. The control rudiments released hexosami...

Marijuana cannabinoids, such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC), suppress type 1 T-helper 1 (Th1) immunity in a variety of models, including infection with the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila (Lp). To examine the cellular mechanism of this effect, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were purified from BALB/c mice and studied following infection and drug treatment. DCs in...

We examined the energetic cost of loading the trunk or distal portion of the leg in walking and running guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). These different loading regimes were designed to separately influence the energy use by muscles used during the stance and swing phases of the stride. Metabolic rate, estimated from oxygen consumption, was measured while birds locomoted on a motorized treadmill...

A sterically stabilized, mitoxantrone-loaded liposome, tailored to target luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor overexpressing cells, was developed to promote the efficiency of intracellular delivery of mitoxantrone through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration and an ultrasound dispersion process. Thiolated gonadorelin with affinity for ...

One of the model system that is included in the battery of tests for in vitro embryotoxicity studies is Micromass test. However, this test is based on the rat embryo limb bud cell culture and disregards other tissues. The aim of this work was to optimize culture condition and to check the influence of initial cell density and spot volume plated on the evaluation of embryotoxicity. Two model com...

Oncolytic virotherapy, a new type of cancer therapy involving viruses with oncolytic and immunostimulatory potential, is based on tumor selective viral replication, resulting in a specific lysis of tumor cells. Effective tumor targeting of oncolytic viruses remains a major problem because only a fraction of systemically applied viruses can reach the tumor tissue. We describe for the first time ...

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can be overcome by electrical stimulation of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) via a cochlear implant (CI). Restricted CI performance results from the spatial gap between the SGNs and the electrode, but the efficacy of CI is also limited by the degeneration of SGNs as one consequence of SHNL. In the healthy cochlea, the survival of SGNs is assured by endogenous ne...

BACKGROUND Articular cartilage has little capacity for repair in vivo, however, a small number of studies have shown that, in vitro, a damage/repair response can be induced. Recent work by our group has shown that cartilage can respond to single impact load and culture by producing repair cells on the articular surface. The purpose of this study was to identify whether chondrocyte outgrowth int...

In an effort to elucidate control mechanisms for developmentally programmed cell death, conditions were sought which rescue the cells destined to die. Three areas of mesodermal cell death in the chick wing were examined, the posterior necrotic zone (PNZ) , the opaque patch (OP) and apical mesoderm. The PNZ and OP are areas of normally programmed cell death whereas the apical mesoderm undergoes ...