We use results of a 3-D photochemistry/transport model for ozone formation in Mexico City during events in 1997 to investigate ambient concentrations of reactive nitrogen in relation to ozone-precursor sensitivity. Previous results from other locations suggest that ratios such as O3/NOy and H2O2/HNO3 might provide measurement-based indicators for NOx-sensitive or VOC-sensitive conditions. Mexic...

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled a national retrospective data set of analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water of the United States. The data are from Federal, State, and local nonpoint-source monitoring programs, collected between 1985-95. This data set is being used to augment data collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to as...

[1] Probing techniques are useful to provide diagnostic evaluations of air quality models and to indicate the responses of model predictions to changes in emissions. Three probing tools are available in a three-dimensional air quality model, CAMx: the Decoupled Direct Method (DDM), the Ozone Source Attribution Technology (OSAT), and Process Analysis (PA). These tools are evaluated in terms of c...

We have performed computer calculations to explore effects of the p/i interface on the opencircuit voltage in a-Si:H based pin solar cells. The principal conclusions are that interface limitation can occur for values of VOC significantly below the built-in potential VBI of a cell, and that the effects can be understood in terms of thermionic emission of electrons from the intrinsic layer into t...

Ground level ozone is one of the major air pollutants that the EPA is trying to control. Not only is it a major cause of smog, but it is a health threat especially for persons with lung, bronchial and other breathing problems. The EPA reports that more people in the USA are exposed to unacceptable levels of ozone than all the other criteria pollutants combined. Ozone is also harmful to growing ...

The objective of this paper is to critically review the so-called “varieties of capitalism” (VoC) approach. This is a meaningful exercise given the popularity of the VoC approach across wide ranging disciplines, from political economy to economic sociology to management studies, and especially taking into consideration, the recent show of interest in the approach by the writers of corporate soc...

The MESUR solar array power model initially uses assumed values for many input variables. After landing the early surface variables such as array tilt and azimuth or early environmental variables such as array temperature can be corrected. Later environmental variables such as tau versus time, spectral shift, dust depotion, and UV darkening are dependent upon time, on-board science instruments,...

The goal of this challenge is to recognize objects from a number of visual object classes in images of realistic scenes. It is fundamentally a supervised learning learning problem in that a training set of labelled images is provided. The object classes are: motorbikes, bicycles, people and cars. Twelve participants entered the challenge. A full description of the challenge including software a...

Interface recombination in a complex multilayered thin-film solar structure causes disparity between the internal open-circuit voltage (VOC,in), measured by photoluminescence, and external (VOC,ex), that is, VOC deficit. Aspirations to reach higher VOC,ex values require comprehensive knowledge of connection deficit interface recombination. Here, near-surface defect model is developed for copper...

To answer critical questions regarding the interactions between green plants and air quality, two three-year projects are underway to investigate emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from selected plant species. These biogenic VOC (BVOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) can react in the lower atmosphere in the presence of sunlight to form ozone and secondary particulate matter, the principa...