[1] Photographs of a volcanic column in a recent eruption of Reventador show a prominently scalloped umbrella that is unlike any umbrella previously documented on a volcanic column. We propose that the scallops in this umbrella are the result of a turbulent Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability, a type of fluid instability with no precedents in volcanology. Negative buoyancy drives this instability,...

Many types of radar systems have been applied to the study of a wide range of volcanic features. Fields of application commonly include volcano deformation by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), mainly satellite-based (e.g. Froger et al., 2007) but also ground-based like LISA (Casagli et al., 2009), digital elevation model generation using satellite or airborne InSAR measurements,...

Understanding the mechanisms that govern ash aggregation is of critical importance in volcanology. Aggregation reduces the residence time of ash (≤2 mm) in the atmosphere strongly, by enhancing the sedimentation of finer-grained material generated during explosive eruptions. To date, experimental studies have focused on the expectation that water provides the strongest bonds between particles t...

*Correspondence: Katharine Cashman, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK e-mail: [email protected] An emerging challenge in modern volcanology is the apparent contradiction between the perception that every volcano is unique, and classification systems based on commonalities among volcano morphology and eruptive style. On the one hand, detailed stu...

Radar images can reveal information about the shape of the surface terrain as well as its physical and biophysical properties. Radar images have long been used in geological studies to map structural features that are revealed by the shape of the landscape. Radar imagery also has applications in vegetation and crop type mapping, landscape ecology, hydrology, and volcanology . Image processing i...

Large-volume caldera-forming eruptions of silicic magmas are an important feature of continental volcanism. The timescales and mechanisms of assembly of the magma reservoirs that feed such eruptions as well as the durations and physical conditions of upper-crustal storage remain highly debated topics in volcanology. Here we explore a comprehensive data set of isotopic (O, Hf) and chemical proxi...

Explosive volcanic eruptions are commonly characterized based on a thorough analysis of the generated deposits. Amongst other characteristics in physical volcanology, density and porosity of juvenile clasts are some of the most frequently used to constrain eruptive dynamics. In this study, we evaluate the sensitivity of density and porosity data to statistical methods and introduce a weighting ...

One of the fundamental questions in modern volcanology is the manner in which a volcanic eruption is triggered; the intrusion of fresh magma into a reservoir is thought to be a key component. The amount by which previously ponded reservoir magma interacts with a newly intruded magma will determine the nature and rate of eruption as well as the chemistry of erupted lavas and shallow dykes. The p...

We present an efficient, implicit-explicit numerical method for wave propagation in solids containing fluid-filled cracks, motivated by applications in geophysical imaging of fractured oil/gas reservoirs and aquifers, volcanology, and mechanical engineering. We couple the elastic wave equation in the solid to an approximation of the linearized, compressible Navier–Stokes equations in curved and...

Although the negative impacts of volcanism on society are well documented and accepted, many possible benefits from volcanoes are not always fully considered. This paper provides suggestions for understanding and implementing volcanoes' benefits by suggesting further application of existing risk management frameworks to volcanology: living with risk by using the sustainable livelihoods approach...