BACKGROUND Analyses of the distribution and elimination of glucose 2.5% solutions can be used to suggest combinations of infusion rates and infusion times which yield a predetermined plasma glucose level and degree of plasma dilution during surgery. METHODS Twelve patients aged between 27 and 51 (mean 40) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An i.v. infusion of 1.4 litres of glucose 2.5% o...

In this paper we study practical solution methods for nding the maximum-volume ellipsoid inscribing a given full-dimensional polytope in < n deened by a nite set of linear inequalities. Our goal is to design a general-purpose algorithmic framework that is reliable and eecient in practice. To evaluate the merit of a practical algorithm, we consider two key factors: the computational cost per ite...

The kinetics of crystalloid solutions in humans have not been adequately described previously. Therefore, we measured blood haemoglobin concentration during and for 120 min after i.v. infusion of 25 ml kg-1 of Ringer's acetate solution over 15, 30, 45 and 80 min, and 12.5 ml kg-1 over 30 min in six adult female volunteers. The dilution-time profiles were analysed according to a new kinetic mode...

1. The gram molecular weight of a substance may be calculated from the osmotic pressure of its solution. 2. The radius of the hydrated molecule and, hence, the gram molecular volume of the hydrated solute may be determined from diffusion measurements. The hydration of the molecules may, therefore, be calculated from osmotic pressure and diffusion measurements. 3. Hydration may also be determine...

Traditionally, peritoneal dialysis is performed using a volume of 2 l of fluid, containing glucose as an osmotic agent and lactate as a buffer. Currently, both the volume to be applied and the composition of the dialysis solution are subject to discussion. An interesting contribution with respect to the value of pHneutral dialysis solutions is reported in this issue of Nephrology Dialysis Trans...

background: poly chlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are a class of chlorinated organic chemicals that do not easily degrade in the environment. this study was conducted to determine the effect of microwave rays, hydrogen peroxide, dioxide titanium and ethanol solvent on the degradation of pcbs. methods: a 900w domestic mw oven with a fixed frequency of 2450 mhz was used to provide mw irradiation. ray...

BACKGROUND General anaesthesia lowers the clearance of crystalloid fluid, but the volume kinetics of such fluid throughout the duration of spinal anaesthesia has not been studied. METHODS Ten female volunteers (mean age 29 years) received an intravenous infusion of 25 ml/kg of acetated Ringer's solution with and without spinal anaesthesia. A volume kinetic model was fitted to serial measureme...