OBJECTIVE We wanted to describe the three-dimensional (3D) anatomic variations of the femoral vein (FV) and popliteal vein (PV) in relation to the accompanying artery using CT venography. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 445 bilateral (890 limbs) lower limb CT venograms. After the 3D relationship between the FV and PV and accompanying artery was analyzed, the prese...

Measurements were carried out in 146 limbs with angiographically documented arterial occlusive disease (AOD) and in 85 limbs without AOD. Ankle systolic pressure (AP) was equal to or higher than brachial systolic pressure in limbs without AOD. It was below 82% of the brachial in all limbs with complete occlusion, usually below 50% in those with multiple occlusions, and above 50% in limbs with s...

In 1998, Bedau et al. de ned a set of metrics for characterizing the long-term evolutionary dynamics of a system. They argued that no known arti cial system demonstrates the unbounded evolutionary activity observed in the fossil record. In response we have developed a series of toy models that approach and eventually succeed in demonstrating unbounded evolutionary activity. The underwhelming su...

We propose a preliminary exploration of the outskirts of the research area concerned with the design of arti cial reality systems. Our goal is to clarify the concept of arti cial reality and its connections both with other kinds of computer systems and with the world we live in (natural reality). In order to provide a framework for such a discussion, we sketch a list of dimensions along which t...

Various experiments were performed on the limb buds of axolotls to compare the behaviour of amphibian limbs with that previously reported for chick limbs. Following removal of the tip or whole limb bud, extensive powers of regulation were observed since complete limbs always formed. Similarly after distal to proximal grafts intercalary regulation occurred to produce perfect limbs and after prox...

Thirty-two patients (61 limbs) with lysosomal storage disorders underwent surgery for 'carpal tunnel syndrome'. Twenty-two limbs underwent a simple decompression whereas 39 limbs underwent additional neurolysis and tenosynovectomy. Data were incomplete for six patients (12 limbs). The mean age at operation for the decompression group (11 patients) was 10.5 years and for the neurolysis group (15...

The default mode of the motor system is a coupling between limbs. However, in some movements, a decoupling is required and thus calls for selection and facilitation/inhibition processes. Here, we investigate the relative contribution of recruitment versus selection processes to the overall processing complexity. To this aim we proposed a new multilimb reaction-time task (MUL-RT). Simple, choice...

The human visual system is remarkably sensitive to stimuli conveying actions, for example the fighting action between two agents. A central unresolved question is whether each agent is processed as a whole in one stage, or as subparts (e.g. limbs) that are assembled into an agent at a later stage. We measured the perceptual impact of perturbing an agent either by scrambling individual limbs whi...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficiency of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) to treat severe the lower limbs ischemia caused by thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). PATIENTS AND METHODS From April 2007 to December 2014, a total of 64 patients with TAO (80 affected limbs) received APBSCT at our hospital. The treatment effect was evaluated by subjective indicators incl...