Aerosols affect the climate system by changing cloud characteristics in many ways. They act as cloud condensation and ice nuclei, they may inhibit freezing and they could have an influence on the hydrological cycle. While the cloud albedo enhancement (Twomey effect) of warm clouds received most attention so far and traditionally is the only indirect aerosol forcing considered in transient clima...

Forty two single-rooted teeth, prepared with the Mtwo system, were divided into three groups based on the filling method: control, "Single-cone" (n = 20) (Mtwo gutta-percha single-cone tapered according to the diameter, length and conicity of the preparation) and "Combined system" (n = 20) (BeeFill 2in1). The parameters studied were apical leakage, gutta-percha adjustment, number of voids, pres...

[1] An approximate analytical expression for the rate of loss of cloud droplets by coalescence in warm clouds is derived from the stochastic collection equation (SCE). The expression depends only upon precipitation rate and cloud droplet concentration and compares well with estimated loss rates derived using observed cloud drop size distributions and the complete collection kernel. Loss rates a...

The production of a narrow, heavy, occasionally convective snowband that fell within a modest surface cyclone on 19 January 1995 is examined using gridded model output from a successful numerical simulation performed using the University of Wisconsin—Nonhydrostatic Modeling System. It is found that the snowband was produced by a thermally direct vertical circulation forced by significant lower-...