With water immersion, gravity is partly eliminated, and the water exerts a pressure on the body surface. Consequently there is a blood volume shift from the periphery to the central circulation, resulting in marked volume loading of the thorax and heart. This paper presents a selection of published literature on water immersion, balneotherapy, aqua exercises, and swimming, in patients with left...

Possible effects of the spatial scale of analysis on the relationship between fishery landings and the water temperature in the Mediterranean Sea have been investigated using the FAO capture database (1970–2010). The analysis was performed by dividing species in three thermal affinity categories: cold, temperate and warm-water species. Results showed significant changes in fishery landings comp...

Multiple government and health organizations recommend the use of warm or hot water in publications designed to educate the public on best practices for washing one's hands. This is despite research suggesting that the use of an elevated water temperature does not improve handwashing efficacy, but can cause hand irritation. There is reason to believe that the perception that warm or hot water i...

This paper presents environment friendly refrigerant R290 as a solution to the environmental concerns like depletion of ozone layer and rise in global warming because of wide use of synthetic refrigerants R22 and R134a. The water cooler is the widely used refrigeration application in warm climatic countries. Refrigerant R22 and R134a are predominantly used refrigerants in water cooler refrigera...

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of fluoride in drinking water, the distribution system, in 22 villages in Shout (A city in West Azerbaijan province). Sampling of springs and underground water was carried out in two warm and cold seasons. Fluoride concentration were determined through spectrophotometer with a model, DR/5000.The fluoride concentration were compared with I...

[1] Seasonal melting of the coastal part of the Greenland ice sheet is investigated using GPS vertical displacement data from coastal stations, combined with data on atmospheric and ocean temperatures. Using a high pass filter and cubic spline models, we estimate five variables describing seasonal uplift, a proxy for proximal mass loss, including duration of the melt season and the amount of su...

Release of bacteria from individual broiler carcasses in warm water was measured as a model of bacterial contamination of scald water. Immediately after shackling and electrocution, feathered and genetically featherless broiler carcasses (n = 24 of each) were immersed individually in 42 degrees C, air-agitated tap water for 150 s. Although any visible fecal material expelled as a result of elec...

according to the importance of obtaining accurate informations on drought conditions and it risk management for water right of major wetlands in iran, in this study climatic coefficients of palmer index for 17 watersheds in country was calibrated and zonation and their range in basins containing international wetlands were investigated. results showed that in wet conditions, in basins such as c...

Experimentally, quenching from warmer water leads to faster freezing than quenching from colder waterthe Mpemba effect. Using molecular dynamics, we find that quenching water from 370 K and above leads to a 100 K density of states (DOS) closer to that of ice than quenching from 300 K and below. Especially we find that the biggest difference is for 80−160 cm−1 which upon quenching from colder w...