The typical bathtub curve and its “standard”shape have been widely accepted as an engineering tool in reliability management and training. However, some recent researches reveal that the typical theory of ‘bathtub curve’is not so convincing in some situations. Therefore, a critical discussion is developed to research the bath-tub curve along three significant periods of bath-tub; i.e. infant mo...

1. Anonymous, Towels beat hot air driers hands down. Associated Press Newswire, 1993(July). Handwashing Michaels. Reports on a study done by the University of Westminster and financed by the Association of Soft Tissue Paper Manufacturers finding that hot air dryers increased bacteria on hands more than 500%. 2. Anonymous, Alcohol for hand hygiene: New comparative studies add to the evidence bas...

BACKGROUND Hand-washing is regarded as a potentially important behavior for preventing transmission of respiratory infection, particularly during a pandemic. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to evaluate whether a Web-based intervention can encourage more frequent hand-washing in the home, and to examine potential mediators and moderators of outcomes, as a necessary first step before t...

BACKGROUND Diarrhoea is a common cause of morbidity and a leading cause of death among children aged less than five years, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It is transmitted by ingesting contaminated food or drink, by direct person-to-person contact, or from contaminated hands. Hand washing is one of a range of hygiene promotion interventions that can interrupt the transmission...

Here we demonstrate a simple, nondestructive method for the preparation of stable aqueous colloidal solutions of graphene nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes. The method includes sonication of carbon nanomaterials in hypophosphorous acid, filtration accompanied by washing the solids with water and dispersion of the solids in a fresh portion of water to form colloidal solutions.