The Honolulu Board of Water Supply (HBWS) selectively chlorinates half of its groundwater supply to provide drinking water that meets the Total Coliform Rule. The objective of this study was to determine whether the groundwater sources used by HBWS are vulnerable to contamination with fecal matter and would require routine disinfection. Larger volumes (1,000 mL) of samples from groundwater and ...

AIM The study aimed to determine qualitative and quantitative contamination of dental unit reservoir water with aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, with regards to health risk to dental staff and patients. MATERIALS & METHODS The study material included water samples from 107 unit reservoirs. Conventional microbiological methods were used. The isolated bacteria were divided into three...

Canadian Inuit have often reported concerns about the quality of their municipal drinking water; research has also shown that some Inuit communities experience some of the highest incidence rates of self-reported acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in Canada and globally. The goal of this thesis research was to investigate drinking water perceptions and consumption patterns, as well as water c...

This paper provides estimates of the effects of in utero exposure to contaminated drinking water on fetal health. To do this, we examine the universe of birth records and drinking water testing results for the state of New Jersey from 1997 to 2007. Our data enable us to compare outcomes across siblings who were potentially exposed to differing levels of harmful contaminants from drinking water ...

The microbiological quality of 75 private drinking water supply boreholes in Co. Cork, Ireland was assessed in order to determine the incidence of contamination and the potential pathways of such contamination. Microbiological analysis was carried out using the membrane filtration technique for the recovery of thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms. The sanitary protection of the supplies was evalua...

Because of technical difficulties of isolating pathogenic bacteria from waters (even from waters known to be contaminated fairly recently), the presence or absence of Bacterium coli in water supplies and the relative numbers of this organism if present are recognized as indications of the presence and degree of faecal pollution. This is based on the assumption that the more bacteria of intestin...

Microbial pollution in aquatic environments is one of the crucial issues with regard to the sanitary state of water bodies used for drinking water supply, recreational activities and harvesting seafood due to a potential contamination by pathogenic bacteria, protozoa or viruses. To address this risk, microbial contamination monitoring is usually assessed by turbidity measurements performed at d...

OBJECTIVE To determine how data on water source quality affect assessments of progress towards the 2015 Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target on access to safe drinking-water. METHODS Data from five countries on whether drinking-water sources complied with World Health Organization water quality guidelines on contamination with thermotolerant coliform bacteria, arsenic, fluoride and nitrat...

The effect of water contamination in 1 mol L -1 Et4NBF4 dissolved in acetonitrile or in propylene carbonate as electrolyte on the capacitance fading of activated carbon based electrochemical double layer capacitors has been investigated during constant voltage load tests at 2.75 V and 3.5 V cell voltage. For a cell voltage of 2.75 V, water contamination in the PC based electrolyte led to a fast...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of water and saliva contamination on the shear bond strength and failure site of orthodontic brackets and lingual buttons. MATERIALS AND METHODS 120 bovine permanent mandibular incisors were randomly divided into 6 groups of 20 specimens each. Both orthodontic brackets and disinclusion buttons were tested under three different enamel surf...