One of the key factors affecting leakage in water distribution systems is network pressure management by putting Pressure Reduce Valves (PRV) in the flow path and optimal regulation of these vales in water networks. This study aimed at investigating optimal pressure management problems so as to minimize leakage in water distribution networks. To do so, an approach was proposed for both optimal ...

most residences of the northern parts of golestan province, have historically used rooftop rainwater for drinking. its adoption rate and continued use have declined in recent years for various reasons. based on a survey of 380 cases, this research attempted to identify what factors are contributing to the adoption of these systems. the results demonstrated that the adoption changes in response ...

Water distribution systems are key components of public infrastructure and it is essential to design, manage and rehabilitate them economically without compromising the required performance and regulatory standards. Evolutionary optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms have become popular in providing optimal and near optimal solutions to various optimisation problems on water distrib...

the overall aim of this study is to calculate some water properties in the single wall carbon naotubes (swcnt) and compare them to the bulk water properties to investigate the deviation of water properties inside the swcnt from those in the bulk. here some physical and transport properties of water molecules in the single wall carbon nanotube were reported by performing molecular dynamics (md) ...

The formation of bacterial regrowth and disinfection by-products is ubiquitous in chlorinated water distribution systems (WDSs) operated with organic loads. A generic, easy-to-use mechanistic model describing the fundamental processes governing interrelationship between chlorine, total carbon (TOC), bacteria to analyze spatiotemporal quality variations WDSs was developed using EPANET-MSX. repre...