Strong foam can be generated in porous media containing oil, resulting in incremental oil recovery; however, oil recovery factor is restricted. A large fraction of oil recovered by foam flooding forms an oil-in-water emulsion, so that costly methods may need to be used to separate the oil. Moreover, strong foam could create a large pressure gradient, which may cause fractures in the reservoir. ...

In this research the experimental and theoretical studies on different Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques, i.e. Water Flooding (WF), Gas Injection (GI) and Water Alternating Gas process (WAG) were performed on specimens taken from an Iranian carbonate offshore reservoir at the reservoir condition. The experimental results for each specified techniques were compared with the correspondin...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Early flooding helps control weeds but reduces seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa). When combined with appropriate management practices, the use of genotypes that better tolerate flooding during emergence can enhance crop establishment in flood-prone areas. Management options include seed pre-treatment and we tested the influence of pre-soaking for 24...

To determine how fracture–vuggy structure, pressure, and injection–production mode influence displacement efficiency in the water flooding process in fracture–vuggy reservoirs, two types of models were built based on the characteristic of such reservoir: two fracture models with different fracture apertures and two fracture– vuggy models with different sizes of vugs. A series of twophase fluid ...

Recent years have seen an increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall and subsequent flooding across the world. Climate change models predict that such flooding will become more common, triggering sewer overflows, potentially with increased risks to human health. In August 2010, a triathlon sports competition was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, shortly after an extreme rainfall. The authors took...

BACKGROUND Peatland restoration can have several objectives, for example re-establishing the natural habitat, supporting unique biodiversity attributes or re-initiating key biogeochemical processes, which can ultimately lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Every restoration measure, however, is itself a disturbance to the ecosystem. METHODS Here, we examine an ecosystem shif...

Dike height optimization is of major importance to the Netherlands as a large part of the country lies below sea level and high water levels in rivers can cause floods. A cost-benefit analysis is discussed in Eijgenraam et al. (2010), which is an improvement of the model Van Dantzig (1956) introduced after a devastating flood in the Netherlands in 1953. We consider the extension of this model t...

OBJECTIVE To assess the contamination level of total and faecal coliforms in water wells and distribution networks, and their association with human health in Gaza Governorate, Gaza Strip. METHODS Data were obtained from the Palestinian Ministry of Health on contamination of total and faecal coliforms in water wells and distribution networks, and on the incidence of water-related diseases in ...

This contribution proposes a Mixed Integer Non Linear Programming (MINLP) formulation for optimal design of a catalytic distillation column based on a generic nonequilibrium model (NEQ). The solution strategy for the global optimization combines Simulated Annealing (SA) and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) in order to minimize the objective function. The solution of this MINLP problem yie...