The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to reach 17 Goals (SDGs). SDGs 6 deals with water security, which refers mainly ensure availability and sus-tainable management of water. present study enhance reservoir performance under climate change deal scarcity. For this purpose, we proposed a new methodology where precipitation evaporation data provided through temporal downscaling are lev...

Stomatal regulation of leaf gas exchange with the atmosphere is a key process in plant adaptation to the environment, particularly in semi-arid regions with high atmospheric evaporative demand. Development of stomata, integrating internal signaling and environmental cues sets the limit for maximum diffusive capacity of stomata, through size and density and is under a complex genetic control, th...

today, shortage of fresh water especially in arid and semi-arid regions has caused several difficulties.  whatever more than 70 percent of the earth is water, but also high salinity of water resources, caused serious restrictions for human to use these resources. therefore, desalination has attracted all attentions more than any time. between different water consumers in the country, agricultur...

estimated effective precipitation (pe) in dryland areas is an essential element of water resource management. itrepresents the amount of precipitation available in the crop root zone to meet the needs of evapotranspiration. thecurrent study compared different approaches for estimating pe in different climatic zones of iran. a two-layer soil–water balance (swb) model was adopted based on the pro...

Soil erosion is an important process in dryland ecosystems, yet measurements and comparisons of wind and water erosion within and among such ecosystems are lacking. Here we compare wind erosion and transport field measurements with water erosion and transport from rainfall-simulation for three different semi-arid ecosystems: a shrubland near Carlsbad, New Mexico; a grassland near Denver, Colora...

At the beginning of 2008, I visited a watershed located in Karkinatam village in the state of Karnataka, South India. There, crops are intensively irrigated using groundwater. The water table has been depleted from 5 m-depth to 50 m-depth in a large part of the area. Now, 42 % of a total of 158 water wells in the watershed are dry. Speaking with the farmers, I have been amazed to learn that the...

soil and water salinity are the main agricultural problems in arid and semi arid areas in the world and iran. in order to investigate salinity tolerance of kochia, two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, seven levels of salinity (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 ds m-1) and two growth stages (planting and early seedling) with gradually salinity appli...