1 Securing the supply and equitable allocation of fresh water to support human well-being while sustaining healthy, functioning ecosystems is one of the grand environmental challenges of the twenty-first century, particularly in light of accelerating stressors from climate change, population growth and economic development. Rehabilitation of ageing infrastructure and construction of new infrast...

consumption of water at the King Edward VII. Hospital, Cardiff, was carefully noted at the time by the hospital authorities, who were prepared to give reasons for the increased consumption, but delayed communicating with the Press until the Corporation had considered the proposal to increase their contribution to the hospital. Now that that has been dealt with, it is only fair to the hospital t...

Arguments over the relative importance of increasing consumption ('quantity') versus improving water safety ('quality') have been taking place since at least the beginning of the first United Nations water decade (the 1980s). For those living distant from a water source, using only around 3‐4 litres per person per day, and often suffering from hygiene related disease, the logical priority is to...

At the commencement of this paper it was stated that the | Bara river crossed the Mahmaud tract obliquely towards the I north-east. In tlii3 course it flows about a mile to the south of the city, which, with cantonments, it will be remembered, occupies the north-eastern verge of that elevated tract. Its level at this part, however, is too low to admit of its water being drawn off for the use of...

abstract water pricing is a policy instrument for improving water efficiency, reducing water demand, management of the irrigation systems and recovering costs. the underlying principle of water pricing is that it should reflect the opportunity cost of water. in this study, parametric mathematical programming approache were used to estimate the willingness of farmers to pay for groundwater under...

This paper discusses some theories of constructivist learning and the relevance of software models with experiential learning. The applications of Empirical Modelling for two different kinds of teaching models are explored and compared against implementations using procedural languages. Using a series of models of a water supply system, the paper demonstrates the use of an Empirical Modelling a...

The aim of this study was to estimate the costs and the health benefits of the following interventions: increasing access to improved water supply and sanitation facilities, increasing access to in house piped water and sewerage connection, and providing household water treatment, in ten WHO sub-regions. The cost-effectiveness of each intervention was assessed in terms of US dollars per disabil...