Introduction: Piped water systems are considered to be the gold standard for drinking water according to the Joint Water Monitoring Study. However, poor maintenance of distribution pipes, intermittency of water supply, and sewage water intrusion have contributed to a number of water-borne disease episodes in developed and developing countries. Methods: This study investigated the risk burden r...

In Dhaka City, Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) supply drinking water and provides sanitation services since 1963 to the city dwellers. About 10 million people depend on the supply of drinking water and sanitation services provided by DWASA. At present DWASA is dependent more on the surface water than the under ground water because of over extraction of ground water2. Every yea...

abstract background: the pressure of consumption spots in eater supply systems is one of the most important hydraulic parameters can be used in optimized management of water distribution networks. since the pressure has some different effects on various parameters of the network management including its hydraulic functions, reliability, stability and leakage, its control is of great importance ...

eristalis tenax , belonging to order diptera, family syrphidae seldomly causes in­tes­tinal myiasis. intestinal myiasis caused by e. tenax larvae is a rare manifesta­tion found in both humans and other vertebrate animals. we report a 22-year-old woman presented with this myiasis. the larva in her stool sample was identified as e. tenax related to its typical morphology and authentic clues. lack...