*It is very important to accurately characterize the three-dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere for the understanding and prediction of mesoscale and storm-scale weather, especially with regard to quantitative precipitation forecasting (Emanuel et al. 1995). Skills in these predictions have been improved rather slowly owing to the high spatial and temporal variability of wa...

In this study, sodium caseinate film was produced and the effect of titanium oxide nanoparticles grape seed essence as factors that enhance properties investigated. For purpose, nanocomposite films based on were modified with different levels 0 to 1.5% at 500 ppm central composite experimental design (CCD). The effects these variables physical/mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, an...

Hygiene properties of leather shoes, which has great influence on health and comfort, mainly contains air permeability, water vapor permeability, hygroscopicity, heat preservation and antimicrobial ability. The developing situation of test technology on hygiene properties of leather shoes is summarized. Natural leather has excellent hygiene properties for its collagen fibers, each hygiene prope...

In this study a novel edible film plasticized with glycerol was prepared from plums gum and carboxy methyl cellulose. The mechanical, gas permeability and thermal properties of blends films Incorporated with four levels of glycerol (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% w/w) as plasticizer were determined. The aim of this study was to better understand the possibility of preparing composite edible film on the ...

In the search for sustainable and ecological alternatives in food packaging, use of starch as one most abundant biopolymer resources to formulate edible films has been studied. Nonetheless, compatibility with other derivatives, such dextrin and/or chemically modified starch, not explored yet. The objective this research was characterize opacity, water vapor barrier capability, thermal propertie...

A one-dimensional, physically based numerical model was constructed to describe the isotopic enrichment observed in throughfall of snow intercepted on evergreens. The process of enrichment is similar to that which results in formation of depth hoar in snowpack. On-site data were obtained at a high-altitude (3500 m) watershed in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The model includes the ambient atmosp...

In moist convection, atmospheric motions transport water vapor from the earth’s surface to the regions where condensation occurs. This transport is associated with three other aspects of convection: the latent heat transport, the expansion work performed by water vapor, and the irreversible entropy production due to diffusion of water vapor and phase changes. An analysis of the thermodynamic tr...

Chitosan films incorporated with various concentrations of gallic acid were prepared and investigated for antimicrobial, mechanical, physical and structural properties. Four bacterial strains that commonly contaminate food products were chosen as target bacteria to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the prepared gallic acid-chitosan films. The incorporation of gallic acid significantly incr...

A chitosan from biologically obtained chitin was successfully grafted with d,l-lactic acid (LA) in aqueous media using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst to obtain a non-toxic, biodegradable packaging material that was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, water vapor permeability, and relative humidity (RH) losses. Additionally, the grafting in chitosan with LA produced films with ...