This paper summarizes the experience of an R&D Center: the Center for Knowledge Systems (CKS) at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Mexico. The CKS ́s mission is to study the knowledge economy and to develop systems which enable individuals and organizations to develop sustainable strategies within that economy. Our work consists mostly of contracted industry projec...

In the 1960s, I developed methods for directly visualizing DNA and DNA-protein complexes using an electron microscope. This made it possible to examine the shape of DNA and to visualize proteins as they fold and loop DNA. Early applications included the first visualization of true nucleosomes and linkers and the demonstration that repeating tracts of adenines can cause a curvature in DNA. The b...

“Superbug Strikes in City” sounds like a horror movie title, but instead it is a headline printed in the October 26, 2007, edition of the New York Post. Twelve days earlier a 12-year-old Brooklyn boy, Omar Rivera, died after a wound he received on the basketball court became infected with methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a bacterium that has become resistant to one of the most...

Almost 50 years ago Dahlström and Fuxe discovered serotonergic neurons in the brainstem. Much remains to learn, however, about how serotonin (5hydroxytryptamine or 5HT) modulates circuit activity. Serotonergic neurons release 5HT throughout the CNS. Accordingly, these cells influence breathing rhythms, body temperature, heart rate, pain, eating, sleep, arousal, emotion, and cognition to list a ...

Six Ways to Leave Unemployment This paper uses a unique Portuguese data set to examine the effect of unemployment benefit receipt and maximum duration of benefits on escape rates from unemployment. The focus is on the time profile of transitions out of unemployment. The novel aspect of the study resides in its identification of six destination states, namely, open-ended employment, fixed-term c...

Several ways to deal with complexity are discussed. An archive can handle the matter by keeping the number of the single elements in the core areas of digital preservation down. The numbers of action types during the ingest process, of metadata and journals could be reduced. A preservation model for analogue and digital records is outlined. By keeping complexity down, it’s easier to see what di...

The software industry needs well trained software designers and one important aspect of software design is the ability to model software designs visually and understand what visual models represent. However, previous research indicates that software design is a difficult task to many students. This paper reports empirical findings from a phenomenographic investigation on how students understand...

In This Issue In This Issue Wnt separate ways, met later embers of the Wnt family of secreted signaling proteins control a wide range of developmental and pathological processes, with each Wnt protein signaling through either the " canonical " or " noncanonical " pathway. Two papers in this issue (and a Comment on page 753) now bring these two pathways together, showing that the noncanonical ca...