The probability density function (pdf) of land surface wind speeds is characterized using a global network of observations. Daytime surface wind speeds are shown to be broadly consistent with the Weibull distribution, while nighttime surface wind speeds are generally more positively skewed than the corresponding Weibull distribution (particularly in summer). In the midlatitudes, these strongly ...

A systematic experimental investigation of the generation and subsequent evolution of impact damage in heterogeneous two-layer materials is presented. Model layered specimens involving a compliant polymer layer bonded with a metal layer were designed and subjected to impact loading to simulate failure mechanisms in real time. High-speed photography and dynamic photoelasticity were utilized to v...

Abstract: Mine ventilation system is critical for maintaining safe working conditions in an underground coal mine. At present, there exist some problems in developing mine ventilation software such as long development cycle, redevelopment, low commercialization and weak extensibility. The traditional digital mine ventilation systems is complicated to be modified or extended after published unle...

Climatically important low-level clouds are commonly misrepresented in climate models. The FAst-physics System TEstbed and Research (FASTER) Project has constructed case studies from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility’s Southern Great Plain site during the RACORO aircraft campaign to facilitate research on model representation of boundary-layer clouds. This paper fo...

The atmospheric boundary layer height was derived at two locations in the city of Lanzhou (China) and its suburb rural area Yuzhong. The aerosol backscatter lidar measurements were analysed using a wavelet technology and the parcel method was applied to profiling microwave radiometer observations. For a few occasions the average boundary layer height and entrainment zone thickness was derived i...

We first introduce 20 weak forms of continuity, which are closely related to 5 known weak forms of continuity. Then we classify them into 9 groups and give 12 decompositions of continuity. 1. Introduction. Continuity is one of the most important concepts in mathematics. In order to find deep properties of continuity, many weak forms of continuity were introduced in the literature. For instance,...

In this work we define generalized weak structures which naturally generalize minimal structures, generalized topologies and weak structures recently proposed in the literature. Moreover, we study some properties of the interior, the closure and other concepts in this new context. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 54A05, Secondary 54D10

This paper considers a supply chain where a manufacturer sells its product through a retailer. In such a market, a potential entrant can make a substitute product by imitating the incumbent's product and then sells it to the common market with one of three alternative entry modes: (i) selling through the incumbent's retailer, (ii) selling through another independent retailer, or (iii) selling d...

Ageostrophic baroclinic instabilities develop within the surface mixed layer of the ocean at horizontal fronts and efficiently restratify the upper ocean. In this paper a parameterization for the restratification driven by finiteamplitude baroclinic instabilities of the mixed layer is proposed in terms of an overturning streamfunction that tilts isopycnals from the vertical to the horizontal. T...

Ageostrophic baroclinic instabilities develop within the surface mixed layer of the ocean at horizontal fronts and efficiently restratify the upper ocean. In this paper a parameterization for the restratification driven by finite-amplitude baroclinic instabilities of the mixed layer is proposed in terms of an overturning streamfunction that tilts isopycnals from the vertical to the horizontal. ...