Mass balance studies in forested catchments in the northeastern USA show that S losses via streamwater SO4 exceed measured atmospheric S inputs. Possible sources of the excess S loss include underestimated dry deposition, mineralization of organic S in soils, desorption of soil sulphate, oxidation of recently formed sulphides and mineral weathering. Evaluating the relative contribution of these...

A common weathering effect is the appearance of cracks due to material fractures. Previous exemplar-based aging and weathering methods have either reused images or sought to replicate observed patterns exactly. We introduce a new approach to exemplar-based modeling that creates weathered patterns on synthetic objects by matching the statistics of fracture patterns in a photograph. We present a ...

The oil released during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill may have both shortand long-time impacts on the northern Gulf of Mexico ecosystems. An understanding of how the composition and concentration of the oil are altered by weathering, including chemical, physical and biological processes, is needed to evaluate the oil toxicity and impact on the ecosystem in the northern Gulf of Mexico. T...

Eolian dune fields on Earth and Mars evolve as complex systems within a set of boundary conditions. A source-to-sink comparison indicates that although differences exist in sediment production and transport, the systems largely converge at the dune-flow and pattern-development levels, but again differ in modes of accumulation and preservation. On Earth, where winds frequently exceed threshold s...

Kaolin from the Buwambo deposit, located about 27 km north of Kampala (Uganda), has been analyzed for its mineralogical and chemical composition. The kaolin is derived from granite of the basement, which is exposed due to deeply weathered Buganda-Toro cover rocks. Kaolinite is the dominant mineral, with quartz and muscovite/illite as accessory minerals. Chemical data show that the kaolin is com...

Sunlight is an important cause of damage to plastics, textiles, paints, and other organic materials. Short wavelength ultraviolet light has long been recognized as being responsible for most of this damage2. Spectroradiometric measurements were made to quantify the wide variations in UV content of sunlight under the following conditions: direct summer sunlight, winter sunlight, sunlight filtere...

Introduction: The term " space weathering " refers to the cumulative effects of several processes operating at the surface of any solar system body not protected by a thick atmosphere. These processes include cosmic and solar ray irradiation, solar wind im-plantation and sputtering, as well as micrometeorite bombardment [e.g. 1 and references therein]. In lunar soils the most voluminous weather...