in order to determine the critical period of weed control (cpwc), yield and yield components of black seed (nigella sativa l.) affected by weed competition and control periods, a field experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications at the agricultural research station, ferdowsi university of mashhad, iran in 2012. two sets of weed-in...

After the infection of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Miyazaki, Japan, in 2010, cattle and swine were slaughtered and buried in a site of 100 ha, where weed control is difficult and costly since lands are unlevelled and prohibited to be plowed for 3 years. To consider the adaptability of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) to the animal burial site for weed control, two napiergras...

The outermost layer is the dura mater. The middle layer is the arachnoid mater. The inner layer is the pia mater. The epidural space is the space between the vertebral column and the dura mater. There is only a 'potential' epidural space in the skull. The subdural space is the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. The subarachnoid space is the space between the arachnoid mater a...

The outermost layer is the dura mater. The middle layer is the arachnoid mater. The inner layer is the pia mater. The epidural space is the space between the vertebral column and the dura mater. There is only a 'potential' epidural space in the skull. The subdural space is the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. The subarachnoid space is the space between the arachnoid mater a...

A field study was conducted in the boro season of 2011-12 and aman season of 2012 at Jessore, Bangladesh, to evaluate the performance of sequential applications of preemergence herbicides (oxadiargyl 80 g ai ha(-1), pendimethalin 850 g ai ha(-1), acetachlor + bensulfuranmethyl 240 g ai ha(-1), and pyrazosulfuron 15 g ai ha(-1)) followed by a postemergence herbicide (ethoxysulfuron 18 g ai ha(-1...

Concerns exist that transgenic crop x weed hybrid populations will be more vigorous and competitive with crops compared with the parental weed species. Hydroponic, glasshouse, and field experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of introgression of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry1Ac and green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenes on hybrid productivity and competitiveness in four experim...

BACKGROUND One theoretical explanation for the relatively poor performance of Brassica rapa (weed) x Brassica napus (crop) transgenic hybrids suggests that hybridization imparts a negative genetic load. Consequently, in hybrids genetic load could overshadow any benefits of fitness enhancing transgenes and become the limiting factor in transgenic hybrid persistence. Two types of genetic load wer...

In this communication we elucidate a microstructural picture of proton conduction in nano-crystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia at low temperatures (Kim et al. Adv. Mater., 2008, 20, 556). Based on careful analysis of electrical impedance spectra obtained from samples with grain sizes of approximately 13 and approximately 100 nm under both wet and dry atmospheres over a wide range of temperatu...