The bonded resistance strain gage, which is central to the topics treated here, was invented in the late 1930's and is now at about the mid-century mark in its career. During the first fifty years of its existence, the strain gage has been applied to virtually every known load-bearing material – ranging from asphalt to zirconium, and missing few, if any, of the letters in between. Whether the m...

Rodents are commonly used to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain as studies in humans may be difficult to perform and ethically limited. As pain cannot be directly measured in rodents, many methods that quantify "pain-like" behaviors or nociception have been developed. These behavioral methods can be divided into stimulus-evoked or non-stimulus evoked (spontaneous) nociception, base...

Introduction Understanding of the effect of weightbearing on the kinematics of the subtalar and talocrural joints is critical for the diagnosis and treatment of foot and ankle disorders. However, precise kinematics of these joints during dynamic activities in vivo is not well studied. The purpose of this study was to compare in vivo kinematics of these joints during nonweightbearing and weightb...

Treatment of chronic symptoms caused by a malunion is a difficult problem in orthopedic surgery. We encountered a case of ankle malunion at our hospital about 1 year after the first operation. The patient had been unable to walk with weight-bearing but regained the ability to walk after reconstructive osteotomy of the fibula. Functional scores for the foot and ankle were significantly improved ...

The increasing urbanization in China has created a high demand for housing and other infrastructure. Meeting this demand has huge resource implications with potentially harmful effects on the environment. A sustainable approach to construction is therefore a way forward to ensure that the competing needs for housing, economic development and protection of the environment can be achieved. This p...