OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (EBLL i.e blood lead >10 micrograms/dL, Centers Disease Control criteria) in children with encephalopathy. SETTING Hospital. DESIGN Case control study. PARTICIPANTS 100 children, 49 with encephalopathy and 51 consecutive hospital controls. OUTCOME MEASURES Blood lead levels, demographics, clinical, environmental correla...

OBJECTIVE To present a case study of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Nottingham University Hospital, UK. PATIENTS Two adolescent females presented with encephalopathy and raised venous lactate. Both had subtle signs of neurocognitive deterioration before initial presentation. Extensive investigation revealed elevated antithyroid anti...

Introduction: Hashimoto’s encephalopathy is a steroid­responsive encephalopathy associated with elevated blood concentrations of antithyroid antibodies. The patients are usually euthyroid or mildly hypothyroid. A wide array of clinical features of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy has been reported till date. The pleomorphic manifestations may be behavioral and cognitive changes, myoclonus, seizures, ...

Hepatic encephalopathy arises from the combination of hepatocellular dysfunction and portal-systemic shunting. Encephalopathy is more prominent in advanced stages of liver cirrhosis and signals the presence of fulminant hepatic failure in patients with acute liver injury. As important as the extent of shunting is the presence of large spontaneous collaterals. Ammonia continues to be a leading t...

hashimoto's encephalopathy (he) is a rare condition characterized by atypical psychiatric and heterogeneous neurological manifestations such as acute cerebral ischemia, seizure, tremors, myoclonus, psychosis, depression, cognitive disorders, and fluctuating loss of consciousness. here, a case of 28 year-old man was reported who referred to the emergency department (ed) with different acute neur...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between maternal socioeconomic status and the risk of encephalopathy in full-term newborns. DESIGN Population-based case-control study. SETTING Washington State births from 1994 through 2002 recorded in the linked Washington State Birth Registry and Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System. PARTICIPANTS Cases (n = 1060) were singleton full-...

We describe a case of encephalopathy in which the clinical picture and triphasic waves in the EEG indicated a metabolic cause. However, the illness was caused by neuroborreliosis. The occurrence of triphasic waves in the EEG is a strong evidence of metabolic encephalopathy, but triphasic waves are not specific for metabolic encephalopathy. Triphasic waves have been described in a number of non-...

Hepatic encephalopathy is a spectrum of reversible neuropsychiatric abnormalities, seen in patients with liver dysfunction and/or portosystemic shunting. One of the most debilitating complications of cirrhosis, encephalopathy affects 30-45% of cirrhotics. In addition to significantly affecting the lives of patients and their caregivers, it is also associated with increased morbidity and mortali...

There is still debate over the neural mechanisms underlying pathogenic and even recovery processes of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Therefore, we attempted to validate the usefulness of resting-state functional connectivity analysis in assessing memory function and its neural correlation with the mammillothalamic tract in patients recovering from Wernicke's encephalopathy. Seven chronic alcoholics...

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) includes concussion, subconcussion, and most exposures to explosive blast from improvised explosive devices. mTBI is the most common traumatic brain injury affecting military personnel; however, it is the most difficult to diagnose and the least well understood. It is also recognized that some mTBIs have persistent, and sometimes progressive, long-term debilit...