We develop a model of vertical pricing in which an original manufacturer sets wholesale prices in two markets integrated at the distributor level by parallel imports (PI). In this context we show that if competition policy requires uniform wholesale prices across locations it would push retail prices toward convergence as transportation costs fall. However, these retail prices could be higher t...

Supply chain performance measures include both profit and risk. In this study, we examine the effect of retailers’ minimum profit share concerns on supply chain system performance through laboratory experimental and analytical modeling approaches. In the experiment, each retailer’s minimum profit share, which partially reflects her self-serving fairness concern, is measured with a parameter def...

In this paper, we study the coordination issue in a dual-channel green supply chain with one manufacturer and retailer. The demand traditional channel is assumed to be dependent on retail price, sales effort degree. Due characteristic of live broadcast selling, direct price discount. On basis analyzing degree strategies under centralized model, two decentralized models are presented. Moreover, ...

Abstract Carbon emissions trading policy is a market mechanism which promotes global greenhouse gas reduction and reduces carbon dioxide emissions. The in the supply chain operation has become hot issue management. Thus, this paper studies optimal cap setting pricing chain-to-chain system under mechanism. Based on double decentralized scenario, five different cooperation models are established ...

Abstract This paper addresses the optimal decisions and channel coordination issues in a green supply chain composed of socially responsible manufacturer fair-mined retailer, where invests advanced facilities/technologies to improve quality products, retailer exerts marketing effort enhance market demand. We develop models under three scenarios: centralized system, wholesale price (WP) contract...

This paper studies a two-stage dual-channel supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one traditional retailer. The manufacturer has its own online channel when he sells its product to the offline retailer. There exists a Stackelberg game between the manufacturer and the traditional retailer, in which the manufacturer is the leader and the traditional retailer is the follower. The manufactu...

The paper considers a two-echelon supply chain where a supplier determines his production quantity and a retailer chooses her order size and retail price for each period in an infinite horizon. Under a price-discount sharing (PDS) scheme, the supplier’s wholesale price linearly depends on the retail price. We develop a stochastic game in which these two supply chain members maximize their disco...

In this paper, we consider a two-leveled chain of supply that includes a manufacturer and a few retailers and in this chain VMI (Vendor-Managed Inventory) policy has been used. In this model, the manufacturer produces a limited amount of kind of production, and each retailer whose request is limited purchases the production with the wholesale price and sells it in retail price. In addition to t...

In this paper, we study the efficiency of the Chinese wheat and soybeans futures markets and assess the conditions in agricultural commodity futures and cash markets in China. Formal statistical tests are conducted through Johansen's cointegration approach to identify the long-term equilibrium relationship between futures and cash markets. Three different cash prices from Zhengzhou Grain Wholes...

In this article, equal pricing strategies are studied in a dual channel supply chain where a manufacturer sells to a retailer as well as to consumers through a direct channel according to the assumption that the manufacturer commits setting the same retail price as the traditional channel to reduce the channel’s conflict. The authors first analyze the effect of different pricing strategies on t...