We will isolate a number of influences on air-sea transfer of momentum, heat, and moisture for weak wind conditions. We will focus on the important impact of swell amplitude and propagation direction and the explicit influence of large atmospheric eddies on the stability functions for the transfer coefficients for surface fluxes. Improved understanding of the various influences on sea surface f...

[1] Field measurements of the ocean surface wave spectrum focusing on the slope-contributing components are used to construct a spectral model of the ocean surface roughness. The spectral parameterization is established with the observed empirical power law relation between the dimensionless wave spectral density and wind speed. The power law parameters (proportionality coefficient and exponent...

In this paper, we summarize the recent advances on the electrification of wind-blown sand. Some of the outstanding questions, such as the interpretation of the electrification of wind-blown sand, measurements on and models of the features of the wind-blown sand E-fields, as well as their effect on the wind-blown sand flux and electromagnetic wave propagation, are reviewed. We end by highlightin...

MARCH 2004 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | he Sierra Nevada Range is one of the most prominent and steepest mountain barriers in the United States and, not surprisingly, is a well-known location for a multitude of topographically forced atmospheric phenomena. As the prevailing westerly winds pass over the Sierra Nevada, gravity waves are frequently generated. Occasionally these mountain waves...

The technical approach is to use Surface Wave Instrument Floats with Tracking (SWIFT) buoys to measure waves, winds, and turbulence at the air-sea-ice interface (Thomson, 2012). The SWIFT deployments were successfully completed during the summer of 2014. These seasonal SWIFT measurements are placed in context using mutliyear subsurface Acoustic Wave And Current (AWAC) moorings and regional WAVE...

We study the modulation of atmospheric nonisothermality and wind shears on the propagation of seismic tsunami-excited gravity waves by virtue of the vertical wavenumber, m (with its imaginary and real parts, mi and mr, respectively), within a correlated characteristic range of tsunami wave periods in tens of minutes. A generalized dispersion relation of inertio-acoustic-gravity (IAG) waves is o...

We present a series of models for the plasma properties along open magnetic flux tubes rooted in solar coronal holes, streamers, and active regions. These models represent the first self-consistent solutions that combine: (1) chromospheric heating driven by an empirically guided acoustic wave spectrum, (2) coronal heating from Alfvén waves that have been partially reflected, then damped by anis...

Among the varied adaptations for avian flight, the morphological traits allowing large-bodied albatrosses to capitalize on wind and wave energy for efficient long-distance flight are unparalleled. Consequently, the biogeographic distribution of most albatrosses is limited to the windiest oceanic regions on earth; however, exceptions exist. Species breeding in the North and Central Pacific Ocean...

Thermodynamic analysis and numerical modeling of hurricane intensity has shown that its is controlled by the enthalpy transfer from the ocean surface and by drag. Direct measurements of drag, evaporation, and sensible heat transfer are not easily performed on the high seas. Therefore, a wind wave tank has been constructed in which a few aspects of a tropical storm are simulated. The air velocit...

The present author treated tentatively the relation between the wind speeds in the wind wave scale 3 and the surface water temperatures in an open sea using the data of oceanographical observations taken at the Ocean Weather Station " X " (39°N, 153°E) in the North Pacific Ocean in view of the foaming of sea water, and the following results were obtained : 1) The general features of the frequen...