The physical development of cities is always faced with natural barriers. The physical development of the city of Zabol, located in the Sistan plain, is threatened specifically with the development of sand dunes. For this reason, the region’s drought conditions were investigated and the standardized precipitation index was calculated. The results showed that with the drying of Hamoon Lake, the ...

There are in the literature several theories to explain the mass loss in stellar winds. In particular, for late-type stars, some authors have proposed a wind model driven by an outwarddirected flux of damped Alfvén waves. The winds of these stars present great amounts of dust particles which, if charged, can give rise to new wave modes or modify the pre-existing ones. In this work, we study how...

We explore the impact of a latitudinal shift in the westerly wind belt over the Southern Ocean on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and on the carbon cycle for Last Glacial Maximum background conditions using a state-of-the-art ocean general circulation model. We find that a southward (northward) shift in the westerly winds leads to an intensification (weakening) of no more...

A database was compiled for the period 1980–2005 to assess the threat to life in the conterminous United States from nonconvective high-wind events. This study reveals the number of fatalities from these wind storms, their cause, and their unique spatial distributions. While tornadoes continue to cause the most wind-related fatalities per year, nonconvective high winds (defined as phenomena suc...

Vector surface turbulent stresses are estimated from vector winds determined from space-borne scatterometers. Scatterometer vector winds differ subtly from in situ observations of vector winds. These differences are exaggerated for severe storm conditions, which is advantageous for determining surface stress. A physically based model for surface stress is developed to link surface turbulent str...

Oceanic melting at the base of the floating Antarctic ice shelves is now thought to be a more significant cause of mass loss for the Antarctic ice sheet than iceberg calving. In this study, a 10-km horizontal-resolution circum-Antarctic ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model [based on the Regional OceanModeling System (ROMS)] is used to study the delivery of ocean heat to the base of the ice shelves. Th...

A mathematical model is used to simulate the effect of wind conditions on men's and women's 200-m times. Four questions are posed: What is the effect of constant winds on 200-m performance? What is the effect of varying wind speed and direction? What is the effect of the lane allocation? How do wind conditions affect the velocity profile? The race is simulated for winds with constant velocity a...

Winds from star-forming galaxies provide the most promising explanation for the enrichment of the intergalactic medium with heavy elements. Theoretical and observational arguments indicate that the pollution may have occurred at z & 6; however, direct observational tests of such a scenario are needed. We model starburst winds in the high-redshift universe and find that the fraction of space fil...

Jet engine exhaust is a significant source of ultrafine particles and aviation-related emissions can adversely impact air quality over large areas surrounding airports. We investigated outdoor and indoor ultrafine particle number concentrations (PNC) from 16 residences located in two study areas in the greater Boston metropolitan area (MA, USA) for evidence of aviation-related impacts. During w...